沉管隧道基础处理技术发展与展望

Development and Prospect of Foundation Construction Techniques in Immersed Tunnels

为保证水下隧道的长期运营安全,介绍了沉管隧道基础处理技术的作用与发展历程,结合案例对当前基础施工技术缺陷引发过大沉降的严峻挑战进行了详细阐述。围绕这一问题,分析了各类基础处理工法及相关地勘技术的现状和重难点,指出先铺法的主要发展方向是改良升级施工装备技术以提高整平精度、施工速度和清淤效果,后填法的主要发展方向是提升施工期间的管底回淤防治和水下基础状态检测水平,并提出了从沉管隧道基础角度优化沉降控制的一些思路。

In order to guarantee the safety of underwater tunnels in their long-term operation, the functions and the evolution of foundation construction techniques in immersed tunnels were introduced. The severe challenge was demonstrated in detail through case study that excessive settlements were caused by defects in current foundation construction techniques. The state of the art and the issues of different kinds of foundation construction methods as well as underwater geological survey techniques were analyzed. The research shows that the main trends of the pre-screeding method are toward improving the accuracy of screeding, the construction rate and the capability of cleaning silt by enhancement of construction equipment and technology, while those of the post-filling method are improving the capability of silt treatment and foundation inspection during construction. Some directions of thinking on improving settlement controlling from the perspective of immersed tunnel foundation were proposed as well.