椭圆式异形压缩螺旋弹簧力学特性计算分析

Calculation analysis of mechanical properties for elliptical special-shaped compression spiral spring

椭圆式螺旋弹簧(即椭圆中径、椭圆丝径螺旋弹簧)是一种应用于特殊空间下的异形弹簧,目前尚无成熟可靠的椭圆式螺旋弹簧刚度及应力的计算方法。基于椭圆式螺旋弹簧的力学模型,利用卡氏定理建立其挠度及刚度的计算方法;基于弹性理论知识,运用半逆解法建立了考虑受扭转应力及弯曲应力同时作用下,椭圆式螺旋弹簧的复合切应力计算方法。通过实例对弹簧进行ANSYS仿真验证,结果显示弹簧刚度的相对偏差在0.84%以内,最大复合切应力的最大偏差仅为2.19%,表明建立的椭圆式螺旋弹簧刚度及复合切应力计算方法是正确的。基于建立的弹簧任意位置的复合切应力计算方法,计算总结出弹簧簧丝截面、弹簧圈表面的复合切应力及弹簧簧丝截面弯曲切应力的分布变化规律,为此类弹簧的设计及应用提供了理论参考。

Elliptical spiral spring(elliptic mean diameter and elliptic wire diameter spiral spring)is a kind of special-shaped spring applied in the special space.At present,there is no reliable method to calculate the stiffness and stress of elliptical spiral spring.Based on the mechanics model of elliptical spring and Castigliano theorem,the calculation method of its deflection and stiffness was established.Based on the elasticity theory,the semi-inverse method was used to calculate the composite shear stress of elliptical spiral spring,which considered the torsion stress and bending stress simultaneously.By ANSYS simulation verification of spring in an actual example,the results showed that the relative deviation of the spring stiffness was less than 0.84%,and the maximum deviation of the composite shear stress was only 2.19%,which indicated that the calculation method of the stiffness and composite shear stress of the elliptical spiral spring were correct.Based on the calculation method the distribution law of the composite shear stress on the spring wire section,the surface of the spring coil and the bending shear stress on the spring wire section were summarized,which can provide some theoretical references for the design and application of this spring.