侵犯公民个人信息罪的行为构造

The Behavioral Structure of the Crime of Infringing Citizens' Personal Information

不断普遍化、复杂化的侵犯公民个人信息犯罪给立法、司法带来挑战,从客观行为角度对其进行类型化研究具有必要性和紧迫性。根据我国刑法和司法解释规定,侵犯公民个人信息犯罪行为可分为"非法提供型"和"非法获取型"两大类。"非法提供型"行为以"出售"为典型方式,与"出售"行为并列的还有违反国家有关规定向特定、不特定的多数人提供、发布公民个人信息,未经信息权利人同意而向他人提供合法收集的公民个人信息等"非法提供"行为。"非法获取型"行为以"窃取"为典型方式,法律规定的"以其他方式非法获取"属于兜底型概括性规定,用于规制与窃取公民个人信息社会危害性相当的行为。

The ever-popular and complex crime of infringing on citizens’ personal information brings challenges to legislation and judiciary. It is necessary and urgent to conduct typological research on it from the perspective of objective behavior. According to the provisions of my country’s Criminal Law and judicial interpretations, crimes against citizens’ personal information can be divided into two categories: "illegal provision" and "illegal acquisition". "Illegal provision type" behaviors take "sale" as a typical way. Parallel to the "sale" behavior is the provision and release of citizens’ personal information to specific and unspecified majority of people in violation of the relevant state regulations, without the consent of the information rights holder. "Illegal provision" such as providing legally collected personal information of citizens by others. "Illegal acquisition" behaviors take "stealing" as a typical way, and "illegal acquisition by other means" stipulated in the law is a general provision, which is used to regulate behaviors equivalent to the social harm of stealing citizens’ personal information.