民间信仰映射下的中国影戏角色行当

The Role Behavior of Chinese Shadow Playsunder the Mapping of Folk Belief

源自早期巫术的中国影戏,在漫长历史发展进程中广泛分布于长城以南的中国乡村,这种根植于传统农耕文化的民间艺术以其特有的祀神功能长期服务于早期中国乡村,并成为民间信仰的重要组成。发展传承中,影戏不断吸收周边艺术形式的有益成份,在与传统戏曲的相互作用中,其引入的戏曲角色行当掩盖了本身固有的角色体制,这使得当下众多从非物质文化遗产保护角度出发的研究忽略了对影戏在民俗环境下固有体制的认识。而对影戏角色体制的研究应该分别关照两种体系各自的成因与相互间的影响,这样才可实现对影戏中蕴含丰富民俗文化内容的全面解读。

Originating from early witchcraft,Chinese shadow plays have been widely distributed in Chinese villages south of the Great Wall in the long historical development.This folk art rooted in traditional farming culture has served early Chinese villages for a long time with its unique function of offering sacrifices to gods,and became an important component of folk beliefs.In the process of development and inheritance,shadow plays constantly absorb the beneficial components of the surrounding art forms.In the interaction with traditional operas,the introduction of opera roles hides its inherent role system,which makes many studies from the perspective of intangible cultural heritage protection ignore the understanding of the inherent system of shadow plays in the folk environment.The study of the role system of the plays should pay attention to the causes and mutualinfluence of the two systems,so as to realize the comprehensive interpretation of the rich folk culture content in the plays.