西安发现的三座北周粟特人墓葬再研究

A Restudy of Three Sogdian Tombs of the Northern Zhou Dynasty in Xi’an

粟特人素以经商而闻名天下,他们不仅热衷于游牧生活,同时也能够过定居生活,且入乡随俗,改本国祆教传统的“火葬”为北周时期的长斜坡墓道、多天井、多过洞、砖封门、石门、单甬道以及单砖室墓等“土葬”制度,这完全模仿和继承了北周时代土生土长的“土葬”制度;在埋葬习俗方面,虽然还保留了部分本民族传统的“火葬”孑遗形态,但所使用的石椁和围屏石榻等葬具完全不可以与本国的泥质“藏骨盒”同言而语;双语墓志的出现以及口含金币和手握“布泉”将两者的文化交流与相互融合达到了极致的发展阶段。

The Sogdians are famous for doing business,who are not only keen on nomadic life,but also able to settle down and observe the customs of the local place.They change their traditional“cremation”in Zoroastrianism into the“earth burial”system in the Northern Zhou Dynasty,which involves a long-slope tomb passage,multiple courtyards,many patios and tunnels,brick-closed doors,stone doors,single passageway and single-brick chamber tomb.The change completely imitates and inherits the indigenous“earth burial”system of the Northern Zhou Dynasty.In terms of burial customs,although some of the traditional“cremation”relicts in the ethnic group are still preserved,the burial furniture,like the stone coffin and the stone bed with folding screen,cannot be identical with the clay“bone box”of the ethnic group.The appearance of the bilingual epitaph,as well as the possession of gold coins in the mouth and“Bu Quan”in the hand,indicated that the cultural exchange and integration of the two has been to the ultimate stage of development.