以战止战:《吕氏春秋》以人为本的战争观

War to End All War:The People-Oriented View of War in Mister Lv’s Spring and Autumn Annals

《吕氏春秋》的兵学思想继承并发展了前期儒道墨法各家学派的思想精华,倡导“义兵”学说,提出古代贤明君主凭靠正义之师维护和平、以战止战这一智慧论断。《吕氏春秋》义兵学说之精髓,即提倡正义战争,主张攻伐无道之国的战争具有正义性。义兵学说强调“义”,即对暴君治下之民讲道义、正义、信义和仁义等。在儒家倡导以仁义治理乱世、墨家主张以非攻救守弱国的思想背景下,义兵学说强烈反对前两者的迂腐之见,批判地继承了其前代战争学说,形成具有朴素军事辩证法理念的战争观,其间融合了古老的民本思想,处处体现出以人为本的独特倾向。

The military thought of Mister Lv’s Spring and Autumn Annals inherits and develops the thought essence of the earlier Confucianism,Taoism,Mohism and Law schools,advocates the theory of just war,and proposed that the ancient wise kings should maintain peace by relying on an army with a just cause,and by “war to end all war”.The doctrine essence of just war is to advocate just war and the justice of the war against the lawless nation.Just war must have “righteousness”,that is,morality,justice,faithfulness and benevolence.Under the background of Confucianism advocating ruling the turbulent times with benevolence and justice and Mohism advocating saving the weak countries with non-attack,just war doctrine strongly opposes to the former two points of view,critically inherits the former war theory,and formulates a set of simple military dialectics idea,integrate ancient people-oriented thoughts,and reflects the people-oriented concept.