利用小麦90K SNP芯片研究泰山22的遗传组成

Genetic Composition of Taishan 22 Using High-density 90K SNP Array

为探索育种选择对小麦基因组的影响,利用小麦90K SNP芯片分析了鲁麦18(母本)和鲁麦14(父本)对泰山22的遗传贡献率。结果表明,鲁麦18对泰山22号的贡献略大于鲁麦14,遗传贡献率分别为51.87%和48.13%。父母本在染色体间的遗传贡献率存在较大差异,父本鲁麦14贡献率超过50%的染色体有1A、1B、2A、3B、4A、6A、7A、7B和7D,其中3B、6A、7A超过85%;而母本鲁麦18在除此之外的12条染色体的遗传贡献率均大于50.00%,其中2B、5B超过98.00%。亲本遗传信息主要以染色体大片段形式传递到子代,如1B、2D、4A、5A、5B、6B、7A等染色体。对亲本和子代进行多年多点的农艺性状调查,发现泰山22号的株高、穗下节间长、穗叶距等株型相关性状和抽穗期等生育期性状高于高值亲本鲁麦18;有效小穗数、穗粒数和千粒重等产量相关性状在自然降雨条件下介于二者之间,在其余环境条件下均显著高于高值亲本鲁麦18,呈明显的超亲遗传;泰山22号粒长性状在不同水分条件下均高于高值亲本鲁麦18,其粒宽和粒厚均介于双亲之间。从基因组层面分析了育种亲本对子代的遗传贡献,展示了杂交育种及人工选择对农艺性状及基因组造成的影响。

In order to explore the effect of breeding selection on genome of wheat,this study evaluated the inheritance from Lumai 18(mother)and Lumai14(father)to Taishan 22 using 90K SNP array.The results showed that Taishan 22 inherited a little more SNP loci from Lumai 18(51.87%)than from Lumai 14(48.13%).In Taishan 22,chromosomes 1A,1B,2A,3B,4A,6A,7A,7B and 7D harbored more than 50%SNPs from Lumai 14,over 85%SNPs on 3B,6A and 7A.Whereas,the remaining 12 chromosomes carried more than 50.00%SNPs from Lumai 18,over 98.00%SNPs on 2B and 5B especially.The parental genetic compositions were present mainly in large chromosomal segments in Taishan 22 on 1B,2D,4A,5A,5B,6B and 7A chromosomes.Phenotyping investigation in multi-locations across years indicated that Taishan 22 was higher than Lumai 18 in plant height,internode length below spike,length from flag leaf pulvinus to spike base and days from sowing to heading.The yield related traits of spikelet number per spike,grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight were between in the parents under rained conditions,while higher than Lumai18 in under other conditions.Grain length of Taishan 22 was higher than that of Lumai 18 under the 3 conditions,while grain width and grain thickness were between in the parents.Those results analyzed the genetic contribution from parental generation to filial generation,exhibited the influence of hybridization and artificial selection on agronomical traits and genome.