新工科背景下岩土工程学科研究生培养科研支架式教学模式构建

Scientific scaffolding teaching mode of graduate education of geotechnical engineering under the background of emerging engineering education

在新工科学科交叉融合发展的大背景下,岩土工程卓越科技人才的培养对研究生教育提出了更高的创新型、科研型、学术型需求。与现有教学模式不同,文章提出的科研支架式教学模式首次在“能力域”下进行思考,面向能力素质而非知识内容进行教学设计。其提出研究生整体培养过程是能力体系的构建过程,即“科研能力支架”的建设过程。研究生培养方案前端的课程教学作为科研能力体系建设的起始部分和重要组成部分,被赋予了鲜明的科研属性。课程教学注重学科内容的跨界交叉,以专题形式展开,形成学一个专题即开展一项研究的教学新格局,将科研创新能力的训练提至培养起点,并贯通培养始终。文章讨论了该模式的理论基础,阐述了该模式的设计思想,研究了该模式的基本流程和能力架构,探索了该模式的实施方案,并取得了良好的实践成效,打开了“学”“研”并轨的教学新局面。

Under the background of emerging engineering education,the cultivation of outstanding scientific and technological talents in geotechnical engineering asks for higher requirements for graduate education in terms of innovation,scientific research and academy.“Scientific scaffolding”mode recommended by this research is created under“capability domain”for the first time,which is different from the traditional teaching mode,and designed by considering competency training rather than contents of courses.The graduate education is a process of construction of ability system,namely,the building of“scientific scaffolding”.In the training programs,curriculum teaching is the initial period and critical part for the assembling of“scientific scaffolding”,which is given by distinct researching attributes.Courses organized within multi-disciplines,are taught by learning a series of special subjects,forming a new education pattern that learning a special subject,carrying out a research at the same time.The training of scientific research is conducted through the whole process of graduate education from the beginning.In this paper,the theoretical basis of“scientific scaffolding”mode is discussed,the designing idea is presented,the implementation processes are investigated,and ideal teaching effects are highlighted in practice,which may break new frontiers for the graduate education.