《著作权法》中广播组织的多元主体地位及权利构造——兼评《著作权法》第47条

Multi-subject Status and Right Structure of Broadcasting Organizations: Comments on Article 47 of the Copyright Law

2021年6月1日,第三次修正的我国《著作权法》正式实施。此次著作权法修改对广播组织权的内容进行了扩张,增加了广播组织的网络同步转播权及信息网络传播权,引发激烈争论;有关广播组织权的主体、客体也一直是争论焦点。为此,有必要分析广播组织的多元主体地位,对其享有的权利进行解构,对《著作权法》第47条关于广播组织权的内容进行思考并提出完善建议。广播组织权的立法模式,建议采用“许可权”;网播组织目前无法享有广播组织权,建议结合网络广播产业实践,在维护国家新闻传播权威性的基础上,探索网播组织纳入广播组织权的可行路径;以“广播、电视”作为广播组织权的客体能够避免“信号”“节目”之争,因为广播组织权控制的主要是传播行为与传播渠道;赋予广播组织网络同步转播权与信息网络传播权符合技术发展现状与产业发展需求,具有必要性与正当性。

On June 1, 2021, the third amendment of Copyright Law was officially implemented, which has expanded the content of broadcasting organization right. The subject and object of the right of broadcasting organization have always been the focus of debate. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the multi-subject status of broadcasting organizations and the rights they enjoy and think about the content of article 47 of Copyright Law and put forward suggestions for improvement. It is suggested that the mode of broadcasting organization right legislation should adopt the “permission right” mode. For now, the webcaster cannot enjoy broadcasting organization right. It is necessary to explore the feasible path for webcaster to be included in the right of broadcasting organization. Taking “broadcast and television” as the object of broadcasting organization right avoids the dispute between “signal” and “program”. Broadcasting organization right mainly controls communication behavior and communication channel. It is necessary and justified to grant retransmission right of non-interactive, over-the-air broadcasts and right of dissemination via information networks to broadcasting organization, which is in line with the situation of technological development and the needs of industrial development.