1.1m坚硬薄煤层智能化开采关键技术及装备——以陕北侏罗纪煤田为例

Key technology and equipment of intelligent mining for 1.1 m hard and thin coal:Jurassic coalfield in Northern Shaanxi as an example

针对陕北侏罗纪煤田埋深浅、普氏系数达到3左右、煤层平均厚度在1.1 m左右、工作空间狭小、大功率设备布置及智能化实施难度高等开采难题,研究了煤层赋存情况与支护成套技术,提出了工作面设备高能积比时空协同及巷道端头大落差柔性系统配套方式、工艺及成套技术。构建了端头大落差柔性系统模型,能积比达到402,满足巷道与工作面1.4 m以上大落差需求,实现了1.1~1.3 m坚硬薄煤层的安全高效智能化开采。研发了1.1~1.3 m坚硬薄煤层智能化成套设备,采煤机采用半悬机身、全悬截割矮机身结构,机身高度759 mm,装机功率1 050 kW,最大牵引速度14.5 m/min;研发了高刚度抗动载液压支架,工作阻力达到9 000 kN,采用防冲击大伸缩比立柱、高强度薄板结构;研发了大运力、矮机身、重叠侧卸的刮板输送机,装机功率达到3×400 kW;研发了薄煤层精小化、智能化相关装置。开发了适用于薄煤层的记忆截割、自动精准找直、智能负荷控制、有线无线双网通信、多数据融合联动、设备远程故诊断和全生命周期管理的薄煤层智能化监控系统,实现了工作面内无人操作的常态化开采模式。通过构建1.1~1.3 m坚硬薄煤层综采智能化开采核心技术体系,形成了陕北侏罗纪煤田1.1~1.3 m(特别是1.1 m)坚硬薄煤层智能化综采成套技术与装备。该研究成果已在张家峁煤矿和凉水井煤矿应用,设备及系统运行稳定可靠,达到了年产煤炭1.3 Mt的能力。

In view of the mining problems of the Jurassic coalfield in northern Shaanxi with shallow burial depth,hardness of about f3,average coal thickness of about 1.1 m,narrow working space,high difficulty of high-power equipment arrangement and intelligent implementation,the coal seam occurrence and support technology were researched in depth.The coordinating method,process and complete set of technology for the high energy-to-product ratio space-time coordination of working face equipment and the large drop flexible system at the end of the roadway are proposed.A flexible system model with a large drop at the end is constructed,and the energy-to-product ratio reaches 402,which meets the requirement of a large drop of more than 1.4 m between the roadway and the working face,and realizes safe,efficient and intelligent mining of hard and thin coal seams of 1.1 to 1.3 m.A complete set of intelligent equipment for 1.1-1.3 m hard and thin coal seams has been developed.The shearer adopts a semi-suspended body and a full-suspended cutting short body structure.The body height is 759 mm,the installed power is 1 050 kW,and the maximum traction speed is 14.5 m/min.A high-rigidity anti-dynamic load hydraulic support with a working resistance of 9 000 kN was developed,which adopted an anti-shock large telescopic ratio column,and a high-strength sheet structure.A large capacity,short body,overlapping side discharge scraper conveyor was developed,and the installed power reaches 3×400 kW.The thin coal seam refinement and intelligent related devices have been developed.A thin coal seam intelligent monitoring system suitable for thin coal seam memory cutting,automatic and accurate straightening,intelligent load control,wired and wireless dual-network communication,multi-data integration and linkage,equipment remote fault diagnosis and full life cycle management is developed,and the normalized mining mode with unmanned operation in the working face was realized.By constructing the core technology system for intelligent fully-mechanized mining of 1.1-1.3 m hard and thin coal seams,a complete set of technologies and equipment for intelligent fully-mechanized mining of 1.1-1.3 m(especially 1.1 m) hard and thin coal seams in northern Shaanxi Jurassic coalfield has been formed.The research results of this paper have been applied in Zhangjiamao Coal Mine and Liangshuijing Coal Mine.The equipment and system run stably and reliably,reaching an annual coal output of 1.3 Mt.