清末巴尔鲁克山的租借与收回

Lease and Recovery of Balluk Mountain in the Late Qing Dynasty

光绪九年(1883),俄国以所属部分哈萨克民众在同治年间中俄西北划界之前就已经游牧于塔尔巴哈台的巴尔鲁克山为由,强行租借该地十年。此举蓄意破坏中俄划界时确定的“人随地归”原则,且到期之后俄方不欲归还,制造各种理由企图延长租期。时任伊犁将军长庚在详细分析了巴尔鲁克山的战略价值后,向清廷力谏必须按期收回。在外交谈判中,他有效利用了“人随地归”原则,既向俄方据理力争,又适时退让以避免谈判破裂,最终确保了巴尔鲁克山的按期收回。这是继曾纪泽从俄国手中收回伊犁之后,晚清在外交上取得的又一项不小的成就。

In the ninth year of Guangxu(1883),Russia forcibly rented the place for ten years on the grounds that some Kazakh people had been nomadic on the balluk mountain of talbahatai before the demarcation of the northwest between China and Russia in the Tongzhi period.This deliberately undermines the principle of“people return wherever they go”determined during the demarcation between China and Russia,and Russia does not want to return it after the expiration,creating various reasons to attempt to extend the lease term.After analyzing the strategic value of balluk mountain in detail,Chang Geng,then general of Ili,strongly advised the Qing court that it must be recovered on schedule.In diplomatic negotiations,he effectively used the principle of“people go wherever they go”,not only argued with Russia,but also made concessions in time to avoid the breakdown of negotiations,and finally ensured the timely recovery of balluk mountain.This was another great achievement in diplomacy in the late Qing Dynasty after Zeng Jize recovered Ili from Russia.