多不饱和脂肪酸对动物精液品质影响的研究进展

Research Progress on Effects of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Animal Semen Quality

多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)主要分为ω-3 PUFA和ω-6 PUFA,是精子质膜脂质的主要成分,对精子抗氧化、提高精子质膜流动性、维持精子结构完整性及睾酮合成等具有重要作用。不同类型PUFA对精液品质的作用有所不同,ω-6 PUFA中的花生四烯酸(AA)能够促进睾酮的分泌,但精浆中过量的AA可能诱导氧化应激;亚油酸(LA)同样可提高体内睾酮水平,共轭亚油酸(CLA)可降低精子的氧化应激;动物体内少量的二十二碳五烯酸(DPA)不仅能参与精子的运输过程,还能提高精子的抗氧化能力。ω-3 PUFA中的α-亚麻酸(ALA)具有抗氧化作用并能刺激睾酮的合成,二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)作用与ALA相似,可提高精子的抗氧化能力,同时可促进睾酮合成;二十碳五烯酸(EPA)对精子结构及睾酮合成具有调节作用。适当的ω-6/ω-3 PUFA比例对精子的活力、质膜结构、脂质组成和顶体反应均具有重要的调节作用。PUFA对精子的作用可因添加的方式、类型、ω-6/ω-3PUFA的比例及动物种类的不同而有所不同。近年来,PUFA对动物精液品质作用的相关研究取得了较大进展,但其提高精液品质的作用机制仍需进一步深入探讨。作者综述了在饲粮或精液稀释液中添加不同类型的ω-3 PUFA、ω-6 PUFA及ω-6/ω-3 PUFA比例对精子的影响,以期为深入了解PUFA在动物精液生产中的应用提供理论参考。

Polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs)are mainly divided intoω-3 PUFA andω-6 PUFA,which are the main components of sperm plasma membrane lipid and have the effect of improving antioxidant capacity,sperm plasma membrane fluidity,sperm structural integrity and testosterone synthesis.Arachidonic acid(AA)inω-6 PUFA could promote the secretion of testosterone,but excessive AA in seminal plasma may induce oxidative stress;Linoleic acid(LA)can also increase the level of testosterone in the body,conjugated linoleic acid(CLA)can reduce the oxidative stress of sperm;A small amount of docosapentaenoic acid(DPA)in animals can not only participate in the transport process of sperm,but also improve the antioxidant capacity of sperm.Alpha-linolenic acid(ALA)inω-3 PUFA has antioxidant effects and can stimulate the synthesis of testosterone,docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)is similar to ALA,can improve the antioxidant capacity of sperm,at the same time can promote testosterone synthesis;Eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)can regulate sperm structure and testosterone synthesis.An appropriateω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio has important regulatory effects on sperm motility,plasma membrane structure,lipid composition and acrosomal response.The effect of PUFA on semen quality may vary depending on the method of addition,type,and proportion ofω-6/ω-3 PUFA.In recent years,great progress has been made in the research of PUFA on animal semen quality,but its mechanism and related approaches to improve semen quality still need to be further explored.In this paper,the effects of PUFA on animal semen quality were summarized,and the effects of different types ofω-3 PUFA,ω-6 PUFA andω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio on sperm were summarized,in order to provide theoretical reference for further understanding the application of PUFA in animal semen production.