电弧增材制造控形改性技术研究进展

Research progress on forming control and performance improvement technology of arc additive manufacturing

以电弧作为热源的电弧填丝增材制造技术(WAAM),使用金属焊丝作为熔覆材料,以层间堆焊的方式,可生产出焊接缺陷少、力学性能好的构件,在航空航天、船舶制造、生物医学等领域有重要应用前景。针对电弧增材制造过程中,表面成形精度及组织性能难以准确调控的难点,文中从控制电弧增材表面成形和组织性能两方面综述了国内外研究进展。按照在增材制造时调控手段的介入阶段不同,将调控手段分为在增材过程中的调控、在增材过程后的调控两大类,分别阐述各改善调控工艺技术的原理特点和存在问题及电弧增材制造形性调控未来发展方向。

Taking arc filler wire additive manufacturing technology(WAAM)with arc as heat source and using metal welding wire as cladding material,components with few welding defects and good mechanical properties were produced by interlayer surfacing,which had important application prospects in aerospace,shipbuilding,biomedical science and other fields.In view of the difficulty that it was difficult to accurately control the surface forming accuracy,microstructure and properties in the process of arc additive manufacturing,the research progress at home and abroad from the two aspects of controlling the surface forming and microstructure and properties of arc additive technology was summarized in this paper.According to the introduction stage in the additive manufacturing process,the control means were divided into two categories,namely control in the additive process and control after the additive process.The principle,characteristics and existing problems of various improved control technologies were described,as well as the future development direction of shape control in arc additive manufacturing.