司法实践中生态环境服务功能损失认定的困境及对策探讨

Discussion on the Dilemma and Countermeasures of Eco-environmental Service Function Loss Identification in Judicial Practice

生态环境服务功能损失的认定是生态环境损害赔偿体系中的重要一环,但是在司法实践中,并未形成科学有效的裁判规则来对服务功能的损失进行认定和量化,同时存在着诸如服务功能赔偿范围不清、计算方法不明等问题。对此,结合法学、环境科学等相关学科的研究内容,从生态环境服务功能的概念入手,对赔偿范围、计算方法以及基线的确认等实践中的难点问题进行探讨研究,认为赔偿方案的确认应以完全赔偿原则为基础,再根据实际情况进行调整;服务功能的计算方法要以技术标准和规范性文件为工具,并通过司法审查来保证裁判的合理性;基线的认定方法应在实践中灵活选用,同时也依赖于我国环境监测制度的完善。

The identification of the loss of eco-environmental service function is an important part of the eco-environmental damage compensation system. However, in judicial practice, there is no scientific and effective judgment rules to identify and quantify the loss of service function. At the same time, there are some problems such as unclear scope of service function compensation, unclear calculation method and so on. In this regard, combined with the research contents of law, environmental science and other related disciplines, starting with the concept of eco-environmental service function, this paper discussed and studied the difficult problems in practice such as the scope of compensation, calculation method and the confirmation of baseline,and put forward that the confirmation of compensation scheme should be based on the principle of complete compensation, and then adjusted according to the actual situation. The calculation method of service function loss should take technical standards and normative documents as tools, and ensure the rationality of judgment through judicial review. The identification method of baseline should be flexibly selected in practice, and also depends on the improvement of China ’s environmental monitoring system.