环境政策评估过程中的公众参与问题研究

Research on Public Participation in Environmental Policy Evaluation

为了从当前的环境治理困境中突围,促进环境政策预期目标的达成,发挥环境政策评估应有的作用和效应,考虑到环境的公共性及环境保护的外部性特征,将公众参与纳入环境政策评估的过程中是多方利益主体的共同诉求。通过对相关文献的梳理以及对环境政策评估领域中公众参与现状的归纳分析,笔者发现,当前公众参与环境政策评估的现实困境主要体现在信息壁垒的客观存在、环境保护外部性的难以避免以及社会基础和政治条件保障的缺位,因此,在对环境政策评估领域中的公众参与特点进行论述分析的基础上,提出了制度先行、完善政务公开机制、提供公众利益的集中表达机制以及借助环境大数据发挥环保舆论的效用等四方面的路径设想,并补充以社会基础和政治条件方面的保障措施。

In order to break out of the current environmental governance dilemma, promote the achievement of the expected goals of environmental policy, and give play to the due role and effect of environmental policy assessment, considering the public nature of the environment and the externality of environmental protection, it is the common demand of various stakeholders to include public participation in the process of environmental policy assessment. After reviewing relevant literature and summarizing and analyzing the current situation of public participation in environmental policy assessment, the author finds that the current dilemmaof public participation in environmental policy assessment is mainly reflected in the objective existence of information barriers, the unavoidable externalities of environmental protection and the absence of social basis and political conditions.Therefore, on the basis of the analysis of the characteristics of public participation in the field of environmental policy evaluation,this paper puts forward four paths, such as system first, improving the government affairs open mechanism, providing the centralized expression mechanism of public interests, and giving play to the effectiveness of environmental public opinion with the help of environmental big data, and supplement the safeguard measures in terms of social basis and political conditions.