膜技术处理含重金属废水研究进展

Research Progress of Membrane Technology in the Treatment of Wastewater Containing Heavy Metal Ions

废水处理是环保工作的重要组成部分,对微滤及超滤、纳滤、反渗透和电渗析等相对成熟的膜分离技术在处理含重金属离子废水方面的研究进展进行了总结。从分离原理、传质推动力、常用膜材料及种类等基础方面,以及从实际应用于该类废水处理的优缺点、问题及挑战方面进行了较为系统的概括和论述。此外,结合最新文献报导,概述了新兴的膜分离技术,包括吸附膜、金属-有机框架膜、电催化碳膜、纳米纤维素膜、电纺丝膜、膜电容脱盐和正渗透膜等在此领域的潜在应用前景,并就该领域后续研究方向进行分析。

Wastewater treatment is an important part of the environment protection work.This paper summarized the research progress of relatively mature membrane separation technologies such as microfiltration,ultrafiltration,nanofiltration,reverse osmosisand electrodialysis in the treatment of wastewater containing heavy metal ions,systematically discussed the separation principles,driving forces for mass transfer,common membrane materials and membrane types,as well as the pros and cons,the problems and challenges met in this application.Moreover,the potential applications of new membrane separation technologies,including adsorption membrane,metal-organic framework membrane,electrocatalytic carbon membrane,nanocellulose membrane,electrospinning membrane,membrane capacitive desalination and forward osmosis membrane,were summarized,and the future research directions in this field were analyzed.