地表水环境质量标准综述(二)——国外地表水环境质量标准、基准介绍及分析

Review of Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards(2):Introduction and Analysis of Foreign Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards and Benchmarks

对比分析了地表水环境质量标准、基准的国内外基本情况。着重分析了美国地表水环境质量标准的分类及与我国分类的异同点,从基本指标和有毒有害等指标两方面介绍了美国标准限值要求;从影响人体健康和影响水生生物两个方面介绍了美国水环境质量基准限值要求,其中影响人体健康方面涉及有毒有害物质、微生物、其他方面,影响水生生物涉及有毒有害物质、营养盐、生物指标、悬浮物(沉积物)和其他方面;归类整理了104个国家和地区的饮用水水质标准并与我国相关情况进行了对比分析。该文综述,为我国地表水环境质量标准修订和基准体系建立提供了重要借鉴。

This article compared and analyzed the basic situations of surface water environmental quality standards and benchmarks at home and abroad. Firstly, it analyzed the classification of surface water environmental quality standards in the United States and the similarities and differences of the classification of surface water environmental quality standards in the United States and our country. It introduced the US standard limit requirements in terms of basic indicators and toxic and harmful indicators;And, it introduced the requirements of the limits of surface water environmental quality standards in the United States from the aspects of basic indicators and toxic and harmful indicators. Where human health is affected by toxic and hazardous substances,microorganisms, and other aspects, and aquatic organisms are affected by toxic and hazardous substances, nutrients, biological indicators, suspended solids(sediments) and other aspects. Then the drinking water quality standards of 104 countries and regions were classified, and compared and analyzed the relevant conditions in our country. This paper provides an important reference for the revision of China’s surface water environmental quality standards and the establishment of benchmark system.