广东海丰鸟类自然保护区黑翅长脚鹬繁殖生态调查研究

Study on the Breeding Ecology of Black-winged Stilt in Haifeng Bird Sanctuary, Guangdong

黑翅长脚鹬一般在我国北方繁殖,其在南方的繁殖地鲜有报道。本研究于2021年5—6月在广东省海丰鸟类自然保护区对鸟类多样性调查时发现了黑翅长脚鹬的繁殖种群,并对其繁殖生态进行了初步观察与测量。本研究共发现80个黑翅长脚鹬巢,其中有鸟卵的为37个,黑翅长脚鹬大多将巢修筑在离开水面的滩涂芦苇中,巢距水面平均距离为47 m(0~400 m),巢址处的植被密度为9.4株/m^(2),巢周围的植被密度为23.7株/m^(2)。巢比较简陋,巢材以无瓣海桑、芦苇为主;巢外径平均为16.7 cm(14~20 cm),巢内径平均为15.6 cm(13~20 cm),巢深平均为2.9 cm(1.5~4.0 cm);巢外径、内径均显著大于北方的巢,而巢深无显著差异。海丰的黑翅长脚鹬窝卵数以4枚居多,平均为3.108枚,卵的长径为42.8 mm(39.9~47.1 mm),短径为31.2 mm(29.4~32.9 mm),与北方的卵大小无显著差异。

Black-winged stilt generally breeds in the north of China,its breeding sites in the south are rarely reported.In this study,the breeding population of black-winged stilt was found during the bird diversity survey in Haifeng Bird Nature Reserve in Guangdong Province,from May to Jun 2021,and the primary observation and measurement of its breeding ecology were conducted.A total of 80 nests were found in this study,of which 37 had eggs.Most of black-winged stilt selected nest in the reeds of the tidal flats off the water surface,with an average distance of 47 m(0-400 m)from the water surface.The vegetation density at the nest site was 9.4 individuals/m^(2),and the vegetation density around the nest was 23.7 individuals/m^(2).The nest of black-winged stilt was simple,with main nest materials of pagatpat and reed.The average outer diameter of nest was 16.7 cm(14-20 cm),the average inner diameter of nest was 15.6 cm(13-20 cm),and the average depth of nest was 2.9 cm(1.5-4.0 cm).The outer and inner diameter of nest were significantly larger than those of northern nest,while the nest depth was not significantly different.The majority egg number in Haifeng was 4,with an average of 3.108.The long diameter of eggs was 42.8 mm(39.9-47.1 mm)and the short diameter was 31.2 mm(29.4-32.9 mm).There was no significant difference in egg size between Haifeng and the north.