“属世的”与“属灵的”——“两个莎士比亚”的马克思主义神学阐释

The earthly and the spiritual:a Marxist Theological interpretation of“two Shakespeares”

“两个莎士比亚”即“属世的”莎士比亚和“属灵的”莎士比亚,分别代指剧作家的人文主义者定位和信徒身份;前者为人熟知,后者则暧昧未明。从马克思主义神学批判的视角,以“意志”和“信仰”为两大核心概念切入,梳理“两个莎士比亚”在其戏剧作品中的投射与交织,从而推断以马克思主义神学思想为阐释基准的剧作家的“属世精神”和“属灵实质”,可具体表述为:人文主义者莎士比亚在“意志”的自由与解放上与马克思主义的契合,以及信徒莎士比亚在“信仰”的包容与和谐上与马克思主义的趋同。

“Two Shakespeares”,namely,“the earthly”and“the spiritual”,represent the dual identity of the dramatist and the humanist,the former one being known to the world,and the latter one,which seems more ambiguous.The present paper,taking approach of the Marxist theology,purports to explore how“two Shakespeares”coexist and intertwine in his plays from the perspectives of“will”and“faith”-two key concepts in Christianity.The Marxist theological thinking finds the playwright’s humanist spirit and Christian identity which can be represented as the agreement between the freedom of the humanist Shakespeare and the Marxist theological terms and the similarity of liberation of“will”that the Christian Shakespeare supports and Marxist theological intentions in term of tolerance and harmony of“faith”.