略论《西游记》中的茶文化

Study on the Tea Culture of the Journey to the West

《西游记》具体提到的茶仅有阳羡茶,代茶品有山地榆叶子和枣儿。《西游记》中的“素茶”既指素茶饼,又指素茶汤,前者指不含佛家禁食脂膏的“腊面茶”,后者主要指煎茶时没有添加葱、蒜等“荤”料的茶汤。《西游记》中的茶俗主要有日常茶饭、来客献茶、婚礼用茶和亲朋会茶。《西游记》中的茶具有茶碗、茶盏、茶盂、茶锺、茶杯、茶匙、茶盘、茶罐、茶壶。由于吴承恩主要是以明代的饮茶生活来写西游茶事的,《西游记》中不少茶文化的描写并不符合唐代茶文化的历史真实。

The only tea specifically mentioned in the Journey to the West is Yangmu tea, and the substitute tea products of the work include mountain elm leaves and dried jujubes. Simple tea refers to both simple tea cake and simple tea soup.The former refers to waxed tea cake without Buddhist fasting cream, and the latter mainly refers to tea soup without the smelly vegetables such as green Chinese onion and garlic when boiling tea. The tea customs in the Journey to the West include daily food eating and tea drinking, offering tea for visitors, presenting tea on weddings and drinking tea with families and friends. The tea sets in the work include tea bowl, little tea bowl, tea jar, campanulate tea cup, tea cup, tea spoon, tea plate, tea kettle and tea pot. Because Wu Chengen mainly wrote about the tea stories of the Journey to the West based on the tea culture of the Ming Dynasty, many descriptions of tea culture did not in accordance with the historical reality of people’s tea drinking life in the early Tang Dynasty.