基于“发展—安全关联”观的日本非洲政策

Japan’s Policies towards Africa from the Perspective of“Development-Security Nexus”

冷战结束后,国际社会发展政策与安全政策相互融合的趋势日益显著。日本自1993年建立“东京非洲国际发展会议”平台开启全面对非合作以来,一直着眼于非洲发展与安全挑战,积极参与非洲事务,维护其在非洲的利益。具体而言,日本对非官方发展援助、经贸投资、安全合作等政策总体上保持了“发展和安全兼顾”的特点,且两者相互关联融合的特征也愈发明显;尤其是,日本在“印太战略”框架下确定对非安全政策重点,通过参与联合国在非维和行动、在海洋安全和反恐援助等方面加大介入力度。日本对非政策及其举措的本质,是基于其在非洲的战略利益、政治利益、经济利益和安全利益,以及提升其国际影响力等因素,是将自身的发展与安全置于首要和突出的位置,其目的是在非洲谋取实利。当下,日本已进行发展与安全政策的整合协调,确立了“社会、经济、安全”三大对非合作支柱。岸田文雄政府继承安倍晋三“自由开放的印太”的政治遗产,出于维护日本在非洲的利益需要,将保持日本对非政策的连贯性。

After the end of the Cold War,there exists a tendency of increasingly deepening interdependence between development and security.Since the establishment of the“Tokyo International Conference on African Development”in1993,Japan starts its comprehensive cooperation with Africa and has been actively participating in African affairs by helping to solve the challenges related to development and security so as to safeguard its interests in Africa.Japan’s policies of ODA,economic and trade investment,and security cooperation have generally maintained a relative balance and an increasing integration of development and security.Especially,Japan has determined the key direction of security cooperation with Africa under the framework of the“Indo-Pacific Strategy”by participating in the UN PKO,deepening maritime security cooperation and providing counter-terrorism assistance.The essence of Japan’s policies to Africa is based on its strategic,political,economic and security interests in the continent,as well as the enhancement of its international influence.Japan places its own development and security first and foremost,aims at making real profits in Africa.At present,Japan has achieved the integration and coordination of development and security policies,and established the three major pillars of cooperation with Africa:“Society,Economy,and Security”.The government of Fumio Kishida will inherit the political legacy of Shinzo Abe’s“Free and Open Indo-Pacific”and maintain the coherence of Japan’s policies towards Africa out of the need to safeguard its own interests in Africa.