西夏文献所见黄帝形象研究

A Study on the Image of the Emperor Huang in Xixia Documents

西夏文献中所载黄帝形象可以分为两种,一种是指以颜色特征命名的“五色帝”之一,另一种则是为人们所熟知的古代杰出人物的代表。西夏人为避免混淆,把前者译作“黄色帝”,把后者译作“轩辕皇帝”。对黄帝形象的塑造不仅各民族广泛参与,即便在民族政权对峙时期也没有停止。辽宋西夏金时期,黄帝作为民族共祖形象继续得到弘扬,并与魏晋南北朝时期一脉相承。西夏王朝也曾经参与对黄帝形象的塑造,宣称党项拓跋出自鲜卑拓跋,进而认为黄帝是党项人的远祖,党项人是黄帝之孙昌意少子悃的后裔。西夏文献关于黄帝形象的记载,为论证西夏对中国的认同,为黄帝历史形象塑造研究提供了新的内容。

There are two kinds of images of the Emperor Huang黄帝in Xixia documents,one of the"Five Colored Emperors"named after the color features,or an outstanding figure in ancient times known to people.To avoid confusion,Xixia people translated the former as"Yellow Emperor"and the latter as"Xuanyuan Emperor轩辕皇帝."The image construction of the Emperor Huang was not only widely participated by all ethnic groups,but also did not stop even in the period of confrontation of ethnic regimes.During the Liao,Song,Xixia and Jin dynasties,the Emperor Huang,in the same line with the Wei,the Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties,was promoted as the image of common ancestor.Xixia Dynasty also took part in the progress,and claimed that Dangxiang Tuoba党项拓跋was descended from Xianbei Tuoba鲜卑拓跋,and further believed that the Emperor Huang was the distant ancestor of the Dangxiang党项people,who were the descendants of Kun悃,the youngest son of Changyi昌意,and the grandson of the Emperor Huang.The records about the image of the Emperor Huang in Xixia documents provide a new content for the study of the historical image of the Emperor Huang and Xixia’s identification as a Chinese Dynasty.