中青年糖尿病患者足部自我护理知信行的现状及影响因素研究

Research on the status and influencing factors of foot self-care knowledge, belief and practice in young and middle-aged diabetic patients

目的 了解中青年糖尿病患者足部自我护理知信行的现状及影响因素。方法 选择2020年12月—2021年4月在上海市某三甲医院就诊的中青年糖尿病患者133例作为研究对象,使用一般资料问卷、足部护理知识和护理信念问卷及足部自我护理行为量表对中青年糖尿病患者进行横断面调查。结果 本研究共调查了133例患者,其中男62例,女71例。糖尿病足知识维度平均得分为(7.27±2.54)分;中青年糖尿病患者足部自我护理信念总分为(12.65±3.01)分;糖尿病患者足部自我护理行为总分为(13.83±5.36)分;“医保情况”和“是否接受过糖尿病足的筛查”是知识的影响因素,“婚姻情况”和“是否有社区医生/护士定期随访您的糖尿病管理情况(如血糖、饮食、用药、运动等)”是态度的影响因素,文化程度是行为的影响因素。结论 中青年糖尿病患者足部自我护理的知识水平尚可,但态度和行为有待提高;足部自我护理的知信行受医保情况、婚姻情况、文化程度等因素的影响,在以后的工作中可针对中青年糖尿病患者的特点,制定针对性的足部自我护理的健康教育。

Objective To understand the current status and influencing factors of foot self-care knowledge, belief and practice in young and middle-aged diabetic patients.Methods From December 2020 to April 2021, 133 middle-aged and young diabetic patients be admitted to a third-grade first-class hospital in Shanghai were selected as the research subjects.The general information questionnaire, foot care knowledge and nursing belief questionnaire, and foot self-care behavior scale were used to conduct a cross-sectional survey among young and middle-aged diabetic patients.Results A total of 133 patients were investigated in this study, including 71 female patients and 62 male patients. The average score of diabetic foot knowledge dimension is(7.27±2.54);The total score of self-care beliefs in the feet among young and middle-aged diabetic patients is(12.65±3.01);the total score of self-care behaviors in the feet among diabetic patients is(13.83±5.36);“Health insurance status” and “whether having been screened for diabetic foot”were factors influencing knowledge;“Marital status” and “Whether there is a community doctor/nurse to regularly follow up your diabetes management(such as blood sugar, diet, medication, exercise, etc.)”are the influencing factors of attitude, and education level is the influencing factor of behavior. Conclusions The knowledge level of foot self-care of young and middle-aged diabetic patients is acceptable, but attitudes and behaviors need to be improved;the knowledge, belief and practice of foot self-care is affected by factors such as medical insurance, marital status, education level, etc.. In future work, according to the characteristics of young and middle-aged diabetic patients, specific health education for foot self-care can be formulated.