牛粪好氧堆肥发酵微生物群落结构演替与环境因子和腐熟度的相关性

CORRELATION BETWEEN THE SUCCESSION OF MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND MATURITY OF CATTLE MANURE AEROBIC COMPOSTING

为了解好氧堆肥发酵过程中微生物群落结构变化规律和腐熟度生物学指标研究,以自然发酵牛粪为研究材料,利用高通量测序技术分析细菌群落结构在发酵不同阶段、层次上的动态变化与环境因子和腐熟度的相互关系。结果显示:堆体上层温度、碳氮比和种子发芽指数指标优于下层;整个堆肥发酵过程中,细菌丰度和多样性指数呈先升高后降低的趋势;在门水平上,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)在整个堆肥过程占据主导地位;在属水平上,升温期优势菌属为未鉴定的根瘤菌属(unidentified_Rhizobiaceae),高温期为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),降温腐熟期为诺卡氏菌属(Nocardiopsis);Spearman相关性分析显示Bacillus与有机质、碳氮比、含水率和温度间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);CCA分析表明Nocardiopsis可作为腐熟期指示微生物,OM是堆肥第1影响因子;拟合回归方程分析得出,Chao1指数与腐熟度指标存在较强的相关性(R^(2)=0.986)。

To understand the change of microbial community structure in the process of aerobic composting fermentation and study the biological index of ripening degree, in the trial we took cow dung as the samples, and by high-throughput sequencing, the correlation between the dynamic change of microbial community structure and environmental factors and maturity at different stages and in high and low profiles was analyzed. The results showed that the temperature, C/N and seed germination index condition was better in the upper layer than the lower layer. For the whole composting period, the bacterial abundance and diversity showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing;the bacterial community structure was at the phylum level that Firmicutes dominated the entire composting process;at the genus level, in the heating period the dominant species was unidentified_Rhizobiaceae, in high temperature period the dominant species was Bacillus, in cooling period the dominant species wsa Nocardiopsis;Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was a very significant positive correlation(P<0.01) between Bacillus and organic matters, C/N, water content and temperature;canonical correlation analysis showed that Nocardiopsis could be used as an indicator microorganism, and OM was the prominent influencing factor;the analysis of the fitted regression equation showed that there was a strong correlation between the Chao1 index and the maturity index(R^(2)=0.986).