数字通信时代专利权利用尽的危机与应对

The Crisis of Patent Exhaustion and Solutions in the Digital Communication Era

我国专利权利用尽以法律文本为限,在数字通信时代面临失能危机。专利权利用尽以功利主义哲学为根基,通过适当限缩专利权,扼杀专利权人重复获利的空间。权利用尽扩张的必要性源于专利权利范围的扩张,间接侵权规则的出现导致专利权利范围大于权利用尽范围的情况,滋生重复获利的空间。专利权利用尽曾经借助反垄断法框架进行了扩张,但存在历史性不足,各国司法实践引入默示许可来弥补这种不足。默示许可存在内生性缺陷,不具有应对新危机的可行性。在数字通信技术的环境下,扩张专利权利用尽系唯一合理路径。

The application of Patent Exhaustion is limited in Chinese Law and its crisis is emer ging in the Digital Communication Era.Patent Exhaustion is based on the philosophy of utilitarianism,and prevents the patentee from doublerewards through restricting patent rights appropriately.The necessity of expanding patent exhaustion origins from the indirect infringement theory,because it broadened the protection scope of patents and leaved room for double-rewards.In history,the application scope of Patent Exhaustion was expanded under the antitrust framework.Compared with the protection scope of patents,the expansion of Patent Exhaustion is insuf ficient.Some countries introduced implied license to make up for this defi ciency.The implied license has inherent defects and is not a proper solution for the new challenge.Under the background of Digital Communication,expanding Patent Exhaustion is necessary.