碳中和战略下煤矿区生态碳汇体系构建及功能提升展望

System Construction and the Function Improvement of Ecological Carbon Sink in Coal Mining Areas Under the Carbon Neutral Strategy

煤炭资源开发引起矿区生态碳汇总量的降低,在碳中和战略下探索煤矿区生态碳汇提升技术和模式具有重大意义.通过研究构建了包括管理模式与技术方法两个层次,土壤碳汇、植被碳汇和湿地碳汇这3个主要类别,矿区生态碳汇规划、碳汇监测调查、碳汇功能提升和碳汇损失防控等多项技术内容的煤矿区生态碳汇体系框架,明确了煤矿区的主要生态碳汇类型(以土壤碳汇和植被碳汇为主,其中高潜水位采煤沉陷区会涉及湿地碳汇)及生态碳汇损失形式(包括煤炭开采活动损失、生态植被建植过程损失和长期条件下生态稳定风险损失等),并针对土壤碳汇和植被碳汇提出煤矿区生态碳汇功能提升方法和碳汇损失防控措施.结果可为煤矿区生态碳汇方面的科学研究与工程建设提供参考.

The loss of ecological carbon sinks often occurs in the process of coal resource development.Under the carbon neutral strategy,it is of great significance to explore technologies and models for improving ecological carbon sinks in coal mining areas.This study firstly addressed the system construction framework of the ecological carbon sink in coal mining areas,which included two levels of management mode and technical methods;three main categories of soil carbon sink,vegetation carbon sink,and wetland carbon sink;and several technical contents such as ecological carbon sink planning,carbon sink monitoring and investigation,carbon sink function improvement,and carbon sink loss prevention.The study analyzed the main types of ecological carbon sink(mainly involving soil carbon sinks and vegetation carbon sinks,whereas wetland carbon sinks were mainly related to coal mining subsidence areas with high groundwater level)and circumstances of carbon sink losses(including coal mining activities,the process of ecological vegetation construction,and ecological stability risk under long-term conditions)and proposed methods to improve ecological carbon sinks and prevent carbon sink losses for soil carbon sinks and vegetation carbon sinks in coal mining areas.The results can provide technical reference for the scientific research and engineering construction of ecological carbon sinks in coal mining areas.