单排光伏板防风固沙功能的风洞模拟研究

Wind tunnel simulation of wind prevention and sand fixation of single-row photovoltaic panels

为了阐明光伏板的防风固沙功能,在风沙环境风洞内模拟研究与主风向呈2种角度(β=45°、β=90°)的单排光伏板在4种不同风速条件(5m/s,8m/s,12m/s,16m/s)下的风速流场和防风效能,并采用在光伏板底部覆沙的方法研究其风蚀积量的变化过程和固沙功能。结果表明:1)两种角度的单排光伏板对来流风速均具有分流减速作用,当风经过光伏板时,在板上部区域形成气流加速区,下部有狭管效应,板面上方0~2H区域内有风影区产生,其它区域均对风速产生阻滞减速作用。2)各观测位点风速廓线表明,β=90°光伏板风速廓线分布较分散,曲线倾斜度大,β=45°光伏板风速廓线分布紧密,曲线倾斜度小,平均风速降低趋势β=45°相比β=90°光伏板更平缓,波动小。3)随水平距离的增加,β=45°光伏板防风效能变化呈倒“V”型单峰曲线变化,变化平缓,而β=90°光伏板防风效能呈倒“W”型双峰曲线变化,波动剧烈。4)两种光伏板在不同部位风蚀积特征有差异,在光伏板前部均有积沙,β=90°呈单峰态,而β=45°呈双峰曲线变化;在光伏板中部,均有掏蚀作用发生,而在光伏板后部,β=45°随水平距离的增加呈风蚀积交替变化,而β=90°以风蚀为主。光伏板中部区域是防沙治沙的重点区域。

To clarify the wind prevention and sand-fixing function of photovoltaic solar panels,the wind tunnel tests were conducted by simulating different wind speeds,such as 5 m/s,8 m/s,12 m/s,16 m/s,respectively,to study the wind velocity flow field and the efficiency of wind prevention of two angles(β=45°,β=90°)PV panels oriented at main wind direction.While,the process of wind erosion and deposition was investigated by covering sand at the bottom of PV panels.The results showed as follows:1)The two types of single-row PV panels had the effect of diversion and deceleration on the incoming wind speed.When the wind passed through the PV panels,an airflow acceleration area was formed in the upper of the panels,a narrow tube effect was found in the lower part,also,a wind shadow area was generated above the panel in the 0~2 H area,finally,other areas had the effect of preventing the wind speed.2)The wind speed profiles of the observing points onβ=90°PV panel were scattered,and the inclination of the curves was larger than that of theβ=45°PV panel.The tendency of the average wind speed ofβ=45°PV panel decreased smoother and more gentle,also had less fluctuation than that ofβ=90°PV panel.3)The trend of windproof efficiency ofβ=45°PV panel showed the shape of an inverted“V”with the increasing of horizontal distance,while that of theβ=90°PV panel showed as an inverted“W”,meaning the windproof efficiency fluctuated drastically with a bimodal curve.4)The characteristics of wind erosion and deposition of the two types of PV panels were different at varied areas.There were sand deposition obviously in the front of the panels,that ofβ=90°PV panel presented a single peak,butβ=45°presented a bimodal curve.The wind erosion was generated in the middle of the PV panels in all,but,at the rear of the PV panels,the wind erosion and deposition ofβ=45°PV panel changed alternately with the increasing of horizontal distance,whileβ=90°PV panel was dominated by wind erosion.Therefore,the middle area of the PV panels was a key area for sand prevention and control.