中藜1号藜麦新品种选育及营养价值研究

Breeding and quantifying nutritional value of a new quinoa variety‘Zhongli NO.1’

为培育蛋白质含量高、皂苷含量低且综合农艺性状优良的高产饲用藜麦新品种,以南美洲秘鲁引进的饲用藜麦种质材料"QA-L-12-15"为原始群体,利用定向混合选择育种法,就植株的株高、侧枝数、倒伏情况、皂苷含量、粗蛋白含量和粗纤维含量等6个主要性状进行定向选择,育成中藜1号藜麦。新品种生育期约为150d,植株地上部在株高25~220cm时均可作为牧草饲用,全生育期可刈割2次,生产试验的平均鲜草产量和干草产量为4.80×10^(4)kg/hm^(2)和1.06×10^(4)kg/hm^(2)。该品种开花期粗蛋白含量为15.6~16.8%,皂苷含量为0.25~0.31%,中性洗涤纤维含量为34.5~35.2%,酸性洗涤纤维含量为45.2~46.1%,家畜适口性好,具有广阔的推广利用前景。

In order to cultivate new forage quinoa cultivar with high yield,protein content,low saponin content and excellent agronomic characteristics,a forage quinoa germplasm,‘QA-L-12-15’,introduced from Peru,South America,was used as the original population and proceeded with mixed selection for‘Zhongli NO.1’.This cultivar was bred based on the selection of plant height,number of lateral branches,pathogen resistance,saponin content,crude protein content,and crude fiber content.The growth period of the new cultivar was 150 days and protein content at flowering stage was 16.2%.The aboveground plant part at the height of 25-220 cm coul be used as forage.During the whole growth period,it could be cut twice,and the average fresh yield and hay yield were 4.80×10^(4)kg/hm^(2) and 1.06×10^(4)kg/hm^(2),respectively.The content of crude protein,saponin,neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were 15.6-16.8%,0.25-0.31%,34.5-35.2%and 45.2-46.1%,respectively.Therefore,this cultivar has high protein content,low saponin content without bitter taste,less fiber,good palatability for livestock which is considered to have broad prospects of utilization.