马克思:从他性交往异化到劳动异化--《穆勒笔记》再研究

Marx:from Communication Alienation to Labor Alienation--A Further Study of Muller’s Notes

青年马克思最初跳出经济学语境的哲学话语,缘起于认同赫斯的他性交往异化构式,但他指认交换媒介的货币是人的社会共同本质的异化,这是马克思全部思想史上出现的第一个完整的异化构式。这也是一个从赫斯交往异化构式中逐步摆脱出来的过渡性异化构式。马克思意识到,基于资产阶级社会等于交换和贸易的抽象的交往/共同社会本质异化批判构式,却与国民经济学一样,恰恰模糊了资本家与工人的真实关系。当时已经站在无产阶级立场上的青年马克思不得不想的问题是,工人与资本家都是交往类本质异化中的商业领域中的“小贩”吗?所以,他必须将对资产阶级社会的批判焦点重新聚焦到与资本家对立的工人身上。这就需要从含混的市民—商业交换(流通领域)/交往的主体际关系转换到工人—劳动(生产领域),于是,源自赫斯的交往异化构式的他性社会联系的异化构式就走向马克思自己的劳动异化批判构式I理论。

Young Marx’s initial philosophical discourse out of the economic context originated from his recognition of Moses Hess’ s alienation structure of communication alienation, but he pointed out that the currency of the exchange medium is the alienation of the common essence of human society, which is the first complete alienation structure in the history of all Marx’s thoughts. Marx realized that the abstract communication based on bourgeois society equal to exchange and trade just blurred the real relationship between capitalists and workers. Young Marx, who had stood on the position of the proletariat at that time, must refocus his criticism of the bourgeois society on the workers opposed to the capitalists. This requires a shift from ambiguous citizen business exchange(circulation field) to worker labor(production field). Therefore, Hess’ s communication alienation moves towards Marx’s own theory of labor alienation.