去中心化自组织管理的形态、特征及差异性比较

The Morphology,Characteristic and Distinguish of the Decentralized Self-organization Managements

基于区块链技术的去中心化自组织(DAO)正在全球兴起,中国也出现了以企业治理为主要目标的DAO平台。去中心化自组织的发展可划分为三个阶段:基于现实社会关系形成的自组织、基于互联网技术的自组织和基于区块链技术的自组织。这三个阶段在表现形态、技术基础、系统类型、社会功能等方面具有较大差异,但复杂系统科学及自组织理论是其共有的理论基础。DAO的基础是区块链和智能合约,运用通证、投票、激励和评价等规则与机制,开放的远离平衡态的组织可以通过超循环、协同作用和突变进程在涨落中实现熵减与有序,技术的发展又将不断提升其智能化程度,使其成为人类协作管理的新形态,进而有可能成为元宇宙产业发展中企业组织架构的基石。

With the development of blockchain technology,Decentralized Self-Organization(DAO)plat⁃form based on blockchain has emerged in the world.In this study,self-organization can be divided into three stages:self-organization based on social relations,self-organization based on Internet platform and self-organization based on blockchain technology considering common characteristics of self-organization.System type,theoretical basis,research method,technical basis,background,degree of decentraliza⁃tion,method of government and intelligence are compared and analyzed.It is found that complex system science and self-organization theory are the theoretical basis for the study of three kinds of decentralized self-organization.The research methods and governance methods are greatly affected by the technical lev⁃el.The progress of technology promotes the development of self-organization to intelligence;Dao has the highest degree of decentralization,with a trend from“decentralization under the leadership of centraliza⁃tion”to high decentralization.The study of decentralized self-organization forms,characteristics,com⁃monalities and differences is of great value for enriching self-organization theory and promoting its benign development in practice.