“一带一路”沿线国家对外经济开放:理论与实证

Theory and Empirical Research on Economic Openness of Belt and Road Countries

本文根据国内外学者关于经济开放度的理论研究成果,以及世界银行营商环境评估体系、世界经济论坛竞争力评估体系等实证研究,构建"一带一路"沿线国家对外开放指标和各国对中国的开放指标测算框架。研究结果表明:(1)在"一带一路"沿线国家和地区中,欧洲的开放指标均值最高,但其对中国的开放指标均值却最低;(2)亚洲国家中,自身开放指标和对中国开放指标较高的国家主要集中在东南亚和中亚;(3)非洲国家中,西部非洲部分国家虽然自身开放度指标不高,但对中国的开放度指标高于地区平均值,北部非洲国家则表现相反。根据分析提出建议如下:我国应针对不同特点的国家分类施策,同时扩大开放政策的覆盖面,进一步增强与有关国家在发展环境共建、营商政策对接,以及人力资源、市场、金融、创新等方面的深度合作。

Based on theoretical research results from domestic and foreign scholars on the degree of economic openness,the World Bank’s Doing Business Evaluation System and the World Economic Forum’s Competitiveness Evaluation System,this paper tries to construct openness indicators of countries and regions along the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)routes,and build a measurement framework for BRI countries’openness indicators to China.The research results show that first,among the BRI countries and regions,Europe has the highest average value of openness indicators,but its average value of openness indicators to China is the lowest.Second,countries in Southeast Asia and Central Asia are with relatively high openness indicators and their openness indicators to China are also relatively high.Third,some countries in West Africa have low openness indicators while their openness indicators to China are higher than the regional average value;however,countries in North Africa show the opposite.Finally,the paper puts forward some suggestions that China should implement different policies to the BRI countries according to their characteristics and further expand openness and cooperation in sectors such as environment protection,business policy,human resources,markets,finance and innovation.