A Community Resilience Evaluation and Optimization Strategy based on Stormwater Management

基于雨洪管理的社区韧性评价及优化策略研究

In the context of disaster normalization,the concept of“resilience”has been gradually introduced into the field of disaster prevention and mitigation in urban communities.In order to resist the increasingly frequent disasters caused by extreme weather,it is necessary to shift the focus of building resilient urban communities to the level of stormwater management.Community resilience is a disaster prevention and mitigation capability based on community resources.In order to solve the deficiency of storm and flood management in the current construction of resilient communities in China,it is necessary to establish a quantitative evaluation system to evaluate it.This paper uses the analytic hierarchy process and Delphi method to establish a community resilience evaluation system from the perspectives of community material space level,community management level and individual level.Then three communities in Hefei City,Anhui Province are selected for practical application of the system,and corresponding optimization and transformation strategies are proposed.The results show that:(1)The resilience of community stormwater management is closely related to the integrated environment of the community,the allocation of flood control facilities and the daily disaster prevention and mitigation management;(2)The ability of disaster prevention and mitigation and the awareness of public participation of the residents in all communities are relatively weak,and the communities invest less in the popularization of stormwater management wisdom;and(3)Resilient communities should not only pay attention to the construction of non-engineering disaster prevention measures,but also to the application of small-scale green infrastructure oriented toward stormwater management.

在自然灾害常态化背景下,“韧性”理念逐渐被引入到城市社区防灾减灾领域。为防御日益频发的极端天气灾害,有必要将城市韧性社区的建设重点转移到雨洪管理层面。社区韧性是基于社区资源的一种防灾减灾能力,为解决当前我国韧性社区建设在雨洪管理方面存在的不足,必须先建立一套量化的评价体系对其进行评估。本文运用层次分析法和德尔菲法建立了以社区物质空间层面、社区管理层面和个人层面3个维度的社区韧性评价体系,选取安徽省合肥市的3个社区进行实践研究,并提出相应的优化改造策略。结果表明:社区雨洪管理的韧性表现与社区的综合环境、防洪设施配置以及日常防灾减灾管理密切相关;各社区居民的防灾减灾能力和公共参与意识比较薄弱,各社区在雨洪管理智慧化普及方面投入较少;韧性社区除了要重视非工程防灾措施的建设,以雨洪管理为导向,更要注重小尺度绿色基础设施的应用。