最早编入国语教科书的新文学作品考辨

A Textual Research on the Earliest New Literary Works Included in Chinese Mandarin Textbooks

1919年8月,由商务印书馆出版、庄适主编的《新体国语教科书》第三至第五册中编入六篇新文学作品,即两篇歌谣体儿童诗《放羊歌》《小鸦歌》、两篇童谣《时辰钟歌》《小弟弟歌》、一篇寓言《小鸡不听母鸡的话》和一篇游记散文《远足会》。经认真考辨,它们是最早入选国语教科书的新文学作品,作为易代之际新旧文学的连接物,表达了民初学者对国语文学的理解和探索,也通过国民学校语文课堂的教学,影响了一代人的文学理念和文化心理。

In August 1919,the third volume of the New Style of Chinese Mandarin Textbook edited by Zhuang Shi published by the Commercial Press includes six new literary works,namely,two ballad-style children′s poems involving“The Song of the Sheep”and“Little Crow Song”,two nursery rhymes such as“Time Clock Song”and“Little Brother Song”,a fable“Little Chicken Turning Their Deaf Ears to the Hens”and a travel essay“Hiking Meeting”.After careful examination,they are the first new literary works to be selected into the Mandarin textbook.As the link between the old and the new literature at the time of the change,they express the beginner′s understanding and exploration to Chinese language and literature.They also affect the literary concept and cultural psychology of a generation through the teaching and learning of Chinese language in national schools.