清代广西安平土州地权形态管窥

On the Forms of Land Ownership in Anping Prefecture of Guangxi Province in Qing Dynasty

历史文献资料显示,清代安平土州境内的田产类型复杂多样,役田、城田和[孑六]置田尤其值得注意。不同类型的田产所附带的田赋和差徭差别很大,但这种差别是可以用经济手段改变的。只要田地的耕作者或占有者向土司衙门缴纳足够的费用,就可以更改土地的名目,减少或免除土地所附带的差徭。这样的土地登记制度为土民改善自身的经济处境甚至社会地位提供了一条合法出路,也为土官搜刮民财打开了一扇方便之门。

The historical documents show that the land forms in Anping Prefecture of Guangxi province in Qing Dynasty were complex and varied,especially the land farmed by the fixed generations of farmers,the land without the feudal land tax and the service and the land with the feudal land tax and the service.There are great differences between the feudal land tax and the services for the different forms of land,which can be changed by the economic means.As long as the cultivator or occupier of the land pays enough fees to the chieftain,the forms of the land could be changed,and the services attached to the land could be decreased and deleted.Such land registration system provides a legal way for the natives to improve their economic situation and even social status,and also is convenient for the local officers to extort money from the ordinary people.