针对机车低频晃车问题的频变阻尼减振器仿真分析研究

SIMULATION RESEARCH ON THE APPLICATION OF FREQUENCY-SELECTIVE-DAMPER FOR LOW FREQUENCY SWAYING OF LOCOMOTIVE

针对某型高速机车车体横向低频晃动问题,提出一种将传统抗蛇行减振器替换为频变阻尼减振器(FSD)的抑制方法.首先,应用Simpack建立该机车动力学模型,从车体振动频域分布对车体横向低频晃动特性进行分析,分析表明车体横向晃动频率在1-2Hz之间;然后,建立频率阀的CFD计算模型和FSD减振器数值简化模型;最后,对比应用传统抗蛇行减振器和FSD抗蛇行减振器的机车横向振动差异,结果表明利用FSD抗蛇行减振器的低频低阻尼特性能显著提高机车一次蛇行稳定性,减小车体低频晃动幅值.在时速160 km/h时,车体横移加速度主频处幅值降低了42%,摇头角加速度主频处幅值降低了37.5%,有效地减小了该机车低频晃车现象.

In this paper,aiming at the lateral low-frequency swaying of a high-speed locomotive body,a suppression method is proposed to replace the traditional anti-hunting damper by a frequency-selective-damper(FSD).Firstly,the dynamic model of the locomotive is established by Simpack,and the characteristics of lateral low-frequency swaying of the car body are analyzed think distribution of the car body vibration.The analysis shows that the lateral swaying frequency of the car body ranges from 1 to 2,being distinguished from other lateral vibrations.Then,the CFD model of frequency valve and the numerically simplified model of FSD are established.Finally,the results of lateral vibration of vehicles with traditional yaw damper and FSD are compared in frequency domain.The results demonstrate that a FSD damper instead of traditional yaw damper can significantly improve carbody hunting stability and reduce the amplitude of low frequency swaying of the locomotive due to the lower damping coefficient in low-frequency condition.At the running speed of 160 km/h,the peak values around the main frequency of lateral acceleration and yaw acceleration decrease by 42%and 37.5%,respectively effectively reducing the low-frequency sway of the locomotive.