发达工业社会的意识形态与社会存在趋同规律

Law of Convergence between Ideology and Social Existence in Developed Industrial Society

阿尔都塞将“物质”与“主体”概念引入意识形态范畴,发展了马克思的以“观念”和“阶级”为核心的意识形态概念。马尔库塞与哈贝马斯在阿尔都塞的意识形态理论的基础上,进一步阐明了意识形态的物质性与主体性的根基是科学技术。科学技术在现代发达工业社会中既是生产力,也是意识形态。由此可认为,社会存在与意识形态的同一性至此基本成型。韩炳哲论证了科学技术最新的数字化潮流强化了这种同一性。从诸理论的梳理可见,社会存在与社会意识呈现分裂对立之势,表明社会处在变革的动荡时期;当社会进入平稳时期,社会存在和社会意识之间的关系就会随着社会的建设日趋同一,它们之间的矛盾就会消失。此规律既一定程度地发展了马克思主义的唯物史观理论,也为我们从事意识形态工作提供了新的方向性的指导。

Althusser surpassed Marx’s ideological concepts with concept and class as the core by introducing the concepts of material and subject into the category of ideology. Based on Althusser’s ideological theory, Marcuse and Habermas further expounded that the foundation of the materiality and subjectivity of ideology is science and technology, which are both productive forces and ideology in modern developed industrial society. This theory implies that the convergence of social existence and ideology has basically taken shape. Byung-Chul Han argues that the latest digital trend has strengthened this convergence. It can be seen that the division and opposition between social existence and social consciousness indicate a turbulent period of change of society. When society is stable, the relationship between social existence and social consciousness will become increasingly consistent, their contradiction disappearing. This law not only develops Marxist historical materialism theory, but also puts forward new directional guidance for us to engage in ideological work.