从上帝到超人——尼采对迷失和绝望两种虚无主义的克服

From God to Superman——Nietzsche’s Triumph over the Nihilism by Disorientation and Despair

尼采把基督教的上帝视为病弱者的虚构,认为他体现了一种追求虚无的意志,这样的上帝必然导致否定生命,认为生命即没有价值的虚无主义。这种虚无主义可以被进一步划分为迷失和绝望两种虚无主义。尼采用超人取代上帝的方式来克服迷失的虚无主义,用重建贵族制的方式来克服绝望的虚无主义,然而,这两种克服虚无主义的方式都留下了各自的问题。他克服虚无主义的方式反而进一步把我们暴露在虚无主义困境中。

Nietzsche regards the Christian God as a fiction of the sick and weak, embodying a quest for nothingness, and such a God will inevitably lead to nihilism that denies life and regards life as worthless.The very nihilism can be further divided into disorientation and despair. Nietzsche uses superman to replace the God to overcome the nihilism of disorientation, and the reconstruction of aristocracy to overcome the nihilism of despair. However, these two solutions have their own weakness, which exposes us further to the nihilistic predicament.