何以为师:人工智能时代的未来教师图景

What Makes a Teacher:The Picture of Future Teachers in the Era of Artificial Intelligence

前三次教育革命中,教师角色经历了一定变迁,奠定了当今的教师角色基础。随着人工智能的飞速发展,我们逐渐走向了人机双师协同育人的时代。机器人教师经历了“计算智能-感知智能-认知智能”的发展阶段,具有一定优势与不足。人类教师在机器人教师带来的挑战之下既要坚守“育人”初心,也要进行角色重塑。基于此,未来人机双师协同育人模式将呈现出AI代理、AI助手、AI教师、AI伙伴几种形态,在教学上带来教学主体从“人类教师+学生”转向“机器人教师+人类教师+学生”的转变,教学结构从“教师-学生-教材”的三维结构向“人类教师-机器人教师-学生-智能化学习资源”的四维结构转变。在教育呈现一幅全新的教学景象时,必须警惕技术主义的陷阱,从主体观、交往观和评价观几个角度来进行反思。

In the first three educational revolutions,the role of teachers has undergone some changes.With the rapid development of artificial intelligence,we have gradually entered the era of human-machine dual teacher collaborative education.Robot teacher has gone through the developmental stages of“computational intelligence,perceptual intelligence,and cognitive intelligence”,and it has both advantages and disadvantages.Under the challenge brought by robot teachers,human teachers should not only stick to their original aspiration of“educating students”,but also reshape their roles.In view of this,the future human-computer double teacher collaborative education model will take the forms of AI agent,AI assistant,AI teacher and AI partner.In terms of teaching,and leading to the change of the teaching subject from“human teacher+student”to“robot teacher+human teacher+student”,and the teaching structure from the three-dimensional structure of“teacher-student-teaching material”to the four-dimensional structure of“human teacher-robot teacher-student-intelligent learning resources”.However,when the education takes on a complete new form,we must also guard against the trap of technicism and reflect on it from the perspectives of subject view,communication view and evaluation view.