“斗争史”的初撰——赵纪彬《中国哲学史纲要》析论

The First Writing of“History of Struggle”:The Analysis of Zhao Jibin's Outline of the History of Chinese Philosophy

哲学史书写是思想史考察的对象。“斗争史”和狭义的“认识史”都属于广义的“认识史”。在日丹诺夫的哲学史定义传入中国之前,斗争史书写就已由赵纪彬的《中国哲学史纲要》开其端绪。《纲要》聚焦于中国现代转型的时代任务,并强调这一转型中政治革命的作用,哲学史书写是为了实现哲学上的“翻身”。在语言策略上,《纲要》一方面广用提喻,把哲学视为社会的功能和最高的科学,另一方面也运用反讽,强调哲学史家的认识论优势。在情节模式上,《纲要》具有“争鸣”“斗争”“螺旋”三个层次,其中“斗争”占据主导地位。在哲学气质上,《纲要》混杂着怀疑论和独断论。此后的斗争史书写保留了怀疑论的姿态,独断论的倾向则进一步增强。80年代以来的认识史书写接过了《纲要》所隐含的问题,试图在怀疑与独断、自由与团结之间寻找新的平衡。

The writing of Chinese philosophy history is an object of intellectual history.Both“history of struggle”and“history of cognition”in the narrow sense belong to the broad sense of“history of cognition”.Before Zhdanov's definition of the history of philosophy was introduced to China,the writing of the history of struggle was initiated by Zhao Jibin's Outline of the History of Chinese Philosophy.The Outline focus on the task of China’s modernization by emphasizing the role of political revolution in this transformation,and the history of philosophy is written to achieve a philosophical“turning-over”.In terms of linguistic strategy,the Outline makes extensive use of metonymy,portraying philosophy as a function of society and the ultimate science,and irony to stress the epistemological superiority of the historians of philosophy.With regard to the plot pattern,the Outline has three layers:“contention”,“struggle”and“spiral”,with“struggle”dominating.In terms of philosophical ethos,the Outline is mixed with skepticism and dogmatism.The subsequent writing of the history of struggle has maintained a skeptical tone,while the tendency toward dogmatism has grown.The writing of the history of cognition since the 1980s has taken up the problems implied by the Outline,attempting to find a new balance between skepticism and dogmatism,freedom and solidarity.