南极大陆沿海湖泊生态结构研究

STUDY ON ECOLOGICAL STRUCTURES OF COASTAL LAKES IN ANTARCTIC CONTINENT

南极大陆沿海地带是南极海、陆、冰的交集带，它同时受到来自海洋、大陆冰以及人类活动的影响，因而成为南极生态环境最脆弱的环节。存在于该地带的许多湖泊，因其各自的地理环境和发育过程，以及所受诸多外部因子如气候、降水等的不同影响，不同湖泊中水体的理化因子差异很大，由此造成湖泊中生物种类分布和生态结构的显著不同。本文报道了对南极大陆沿海维斯特福尔德丘陵和拉斯曼丘陵等地湖泊中以浮游生物为主体，各类生物的组成分布和群落结构进行考察研究的结果，并分析讨论了不同类型湖泊的生物多样性、生物营养结构及其与环境的关系，为深入研究全球气候变化对南极区域环境的影响，和制订南极生态环境保护决策提供科学依据。

Coastal region at the Antarctic continent,where is under the influences both of ocean and ice sheet,as well as many humen activities,could be considered as a fragile zone in Antarctic ecological environment. Lakes,there are many in the region,present much differences from each other in physical chemical features because of individual evolutionary history in their geographical environments,and suffer from different outside factors such as climite changes and precipitation. Thus,it results in respective biological distribution and ecological structure in lakes. The present paper reports the results from the studies of chemical components,species distributions and community structures,which mainly consisted of plankton in lakes in the Vestfold Hills and the Larsemann Hills,East Antarctica. It is also discussed that the biological diversities and nutrient relationships of these different types of lakes. Therefore,to provide more scientific basis for monitoring of climate changes and environmental protection in Antarctica.