ICU护士对院内压力性损伤高危患者营养护理的认知与行为调查

Investigation on cognition and behavior of nutritional nursing of ICU nurses at the high risk of stress injury patients

目的调查某三级甲等医院ICU护士对院内压力性损伤高危患者营养护理认知水平和行为能力,为临床开展针对性教学与培训提供参考依据。方法2020年7—8月选取某三级甲等医院成人ICU的6个病区176名护士进行问卷调查,内容包括ICU护士一般资料、院内压力性损伤高危患者的营养护理认知和行为。结果结果显示,ICU护士对院内压力性损伤高危患者营养护理认知整体得分率为50.95%,其中各认知项目按照得分高低排序营养基础知识为61.40%、院内压力性损伤高危患者营养护理为56.40%、营养状况评估为50.20%、患者饮食指导为45.60%、营养支持途径为41.00%。院内压力性损伤高危患者营养护理相关行为总得分率为57.26%,其中,得分率最高项目是“对所有患者进行营养风险评估”;得分最低的项目是“患者存在高危营养风险时请营养师会诊”。不同ICU病区、不同年龄、不同学历及职称的ICU护士院内压力性损伤高危患者营养相关认知和行为的个人平均得分不同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论某三级甲等医院ICU护士对院内压力性损伤高危患者营养护理的认知水平及行为能力较弱,能力水平与工作年限、学历、职称等存在关联性;提示管理者应根据护士的工作年限、学历及职称等进行分层培训,使ICU护士能正确制定和实施压力性损伤高危患者的营养护理计划,从而降低ICU患者压力性损伤发生率。

Objective To investigate the cognitive level and behavioral ability of nutritional nursing of ICU nurses at the high risk of stress injury patients in a Grade A hospital,to provide references for clinical teaching and training.Methods From July to August 2020,176 nurses from 6 wards of adult ICU in a Grade A hospital were selected to operate a questionnaire survey,including general information of ICU nurses,nutritional nursing cognition and behavior of patients at high risk of stress injury.Results The results showed that,the overall score rate of nutritional nursing cognition of ICU nurses for high-risk patients with stress injury was 50.95%,among which,the basic knowledge of nutrition was 61.40%,nutritional nursing was 56.40%,and nutritional status assessment was made for each cognitive item in order of score 50.20%,45.60%of patients'dietary guidance,41.00%of nutritional support.The total score rate of nutrition care-related behaviors in high-risk patients with stress injury was 57.26%,among which,the item with the highest score rate was"nutritional risk assessment for all patients".The item with the lowest score was"consult a dietitian if a patient had a high nutritional risk."The individual average scores of nutrition-related cognition and behavior of ICU nurses were at high risk of stress injury in different ICU districts,different ages,different educational backgrounds and professional titles showed diversity,the diff erences was statistically signifi cant(P<0.05).Conclusion ICU nurses in a Grade A hospital had weak cognitive level and behavioral ability in nutritional nursing of patients with high risk of stress injury.Ability level was correlated with working years,educational background and professional title.It was suggested that managers should carry out stratification training according to nurses'working years,educational background and professional title,so that ICU nurses could correctly formulate and implement nutritional nursing plan for high-risk patients with stress injury,so as to reduce the incidence of stress injury in ICU patients.