微波接收前端高功率微波效应实验研究

Experimental Study of High Power Microwave Effects on a Microwave Receiver Front-end

高功率微波可通过雷达、电子战装备的天线进入装备内部,这种方式耦合能力强、峰值幅度大,容易造成装备电磁干扰或损伤.因此,有必要开展高功率微波对电子设备的作用效应和防护研究.针对设备级高功率微波效应研究较少的现状,以某X波段微波接收前端为对象,采用注入法开展高功率微波损伤效应实验,获取了效应现象和数据.结果显示,无限幅器保护时,注入微波的峰值功率达到48.8 dBm,单个脉冲就能损伤微波接收前端的低噪声放大器;采用限幅器防护后,注入微波的峰值功率需增加到60.7 dBm,脉冲数增加到100个才能实现微波接收前端的损伤.实验表明,能量沉积是进行损伤的必要条件,通过高峰值功率短脉冲或长脉宽脉冲串,高功率微波都可以对电子设备中的敏感器件造成损伤,综合运用峰值功率、脉宽和脉冲数等参数可增强高功率微波作用效应.在此基础上,还分析了典型参数高功率微波武器对电子设备的作用距离、作用规律,可为武器装备高功率微波效应评估和防护设计提供参考.

The high power microwave(HPM)can entered into the equipment by the antennas of radar and elec⁃tronic warfare equipment.A good coupling ability and large peak amplitude of this coupling method lead to a greater probability to cause electromagnetic interference or damage to the equipment.As a result,it is necessary to investi⁃gate the HPM damage effects to electronic devices as well as the protective measures.In this paper,as there are few researches on high-power microwave effects at the equipment level,an X-band microwave receiver front-end is taken as an equipment under test(EUT),and the injection experiment is carried out to study the high power micro⁃wave damage effects.The effect phenomena and data are obtained.The results show that when the limiter is pro⁃tected,a single HPM pulse with an amplitude of 48.8 dBm can cause damage to the low-noise amplifier of the micro⁃wave receiver front-end.If an amplitude limiter is employed in the receiving circuit,the threshold of damage HPM power needs to be increased to 60.7 dBm and the number of pulses can be increased to 100.It also reveals that en⁃ergy deposition is the necessary condition for performing damage.Both a narrow microwave pulse with relatively high peak power and a series of wide pulses with relatively low high peak power can cause fatal damage to the sensitive de⁃vices.The damage effect can be enhanced if the key parameters of the HPM weapon are optimized,i.e.,the peak power,the pulse width and the number of pulses.Furthermore,the attacking distance and mechanism of the typical HPM power weapons are also discussed,which is helpful for effect evaluation as well as protection design for radar and electronic warfare equipment.