葡萄新品种‘南太湖特早’果实发育过程中特征香气物质的变化规律

Variation rule of characteristic aroma compounds during the berry development process of a new grape cultivar‘Nantaihutezao’

以自主选育的葡萄新品种‘南太湖特早’及其母本‘夏黑’的果实为实验材料,重点比较了二者发育过程中挥发性特征香气物质的变化规律,并对二者的果粒质量、固酸比等果实品质指标进行了评价。结果表明:‘南太湖特早’比‘夏黑’提早7 d左右成熟,且其果实中具有花果香的萜烯类和酮类物质含量较高,在果皮和果肉中分别提升了162%和233%;在‘南太湖特早’果实发育过程中,果皮中积累的特征香气物质含量呈现先快速上升后缓慢下降的趋势,且峰值较‘夏黑’更高且出现更早;2个品种葡萄果肉中1-辛烯-3-酮、β-大马酮、柠檬烯的含量变化规律存在显著差异,‘夏黑’表现为在果实发育中期保持高含量、后期快速降解,‘南太湖特早’则表现为在中期以低水平增长、后期较少降解。本研究结果为葡萄优新良品的香味遗传育种提供了理论依据。

Taking the berries of the new grape cultivar‘Nantaihutezao’and its maternal cultivar‘Summer Black’as experimental materials,the variation rule of volatile characteristic aroma compounds during the berry development processes was compared,and their berry quality indicators such as the mass of berry particles,solid-acid ratio were evaluated.The results showed that‘Nantaihutezao’matured about 7 d earlier than‘Summer Black’.The contents of terpenes and ketones which distributed floral and fruity aroma in‘Nantaihutezao’were significantly higher than those in‘Summer Black’,which increased by 162%and 233%in the peel and pulp,respectively.During the berry development process of‘Nantaihutezao’,the contents of characteristic aroma compounds accumulated in peel first increased rapidly and then decreased slowly,and the peak values were higher and appeared earlier than those of‘Summer Black’.There were significant differences in the contents of 1-octen-3-one,β-damascenone and limonene in the pulp of the two grape cultivars.The contents of‘Summer Black’maintained at a high level in the middle of maturity and rapidly degraded in the later period;by contrast,the contents of‘Nantaihutezao’increased slowly in the middle and less degraded in the later period.The above results provide a theoretical basis for the aroma genetic breeding of excellent and new grape cultivars.