国土空间复合生态功能识别与分区--以浙江省湖州市为例

Identification and zoning of complex ecological functions in territorial space:a case study of Huzhou City of Zhejiang Province

复合生态功能识别与分区是国土空间规划的研究重点和应用难点,也是绿色可持续发展模式的生态安全保障。本文以浙江省湖州市为研究区,构建复合生态系统服务评价体系,从生态调节、物质生产和景观文化的视角分析和评估生态系统服务的内涵与强度,利用“三维魔方”模型进行空间分区,并提出管控建议。结果如下。1)湖州市生态系统服务呈现显著的空间集聚性:生态调节服务高值区集中于市域中西部地区和北部山区;物质生产服务高值区集中于西部水网平原区;景观文化服务高值区集中于东西中轴地区和北部山区。2)根据生态保护重要性将研究区分为3个等级,结合生态功能将其细分为7个分区。其中:一级划定为重点生态保护,包括核心类生态保护区和重要自然资源保护区;二级划定为生态功能保障,包括一般类生态保护区、生态-生产经济复合区和生态-旅游经济复合区;三级划定为综合利用,包括城镇-旅游经济区和城镇-生产经济区。建议新时代区域发展应考虑为生态保护留底线,给城镇发展设上限;在生态保护空间内积极探索生态产品价值的实现路径,在城镇发展空间内合理布局,充分发挥自然资源的生态功能。

The identification and zoning of complex ecological functions is the research focus and application difficulty of territorial spatial planning,and it is also the ecological security guarantee for the green and sustainable development model.Taking Huzhou City of Zhejiang Province as the study area,we analyzed and evaluated the connotation and intensity of complex ecosystem services from the perspectives of ecological regulation,material production and landscape culture,and used a“three-dimensional Rubik’s cube”model to partition the space,and put forward control suggestions.The results were as follows:1)The spatial agglomeration of ecosystem services in Huzhou City was significant.The high value area of ecological regulation service was concentrated in the central and western regions and the northern mountainous areas.The high value area of material production service was concentrated in the western water network plain areas.The high value area of landscape culture service was concentrated in the east-west axis regions and the northern mountainous areas.2)According to the importance of ecological protection,the study area was divided into three levels and seven subareas based on ecological functions.The first level was the key ecological protection,including the core ecological protection zone and the important natural resource protection zone.The second level was ecological function guarantee,including general ecological protection zone,ecology-production economy compound zone and ecology-tourism economy compound zone.The third level was comprehensive utilization,including town-tourism economy zone and town-production economy zone.It is suggested that in the new era,the regional development should be considered as a bottom line for ecological protection and an upper limit for urban development.In the ecological protection space,we should actively explore the path to realize the value of ecological products,and give full play to the ecological function of natural resources in the rational layout of urban development space.