自适应变阻力特征加油稳定伞设计及气动特性研究

DESIGN AND AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS RESEARCH OF SELF-ADAPTIVE VARIABLE DRAG CHARACTERISTIC REFUELING DROGUE

该文基于骨架弹簧片原理,提出了一种新型自适应变阻力特征加油稳定伞设计方法,以实现稳定伞的阻力特征面积随飞行速度变化自适应发生改变,在一定速度范围内保持阻力值基本恒定,使得加油稳定伞与加油机的相对位置基本固定。为了验证该设计方法的正确性,充分了解弹簧片弹性模量和厚度参数对稳定伞气动特性的影响规律,该文通过风洞测力试验和变形测量技术研究了四套弹簧片自适应变阻稳定伞的气动特性,并对数据结果的拓展应用进行了分析,提炼出了工程估算模型。结果表明:该文所提出的自适应变阻力特征稳定伞设计方法正确合理,风速变化时骨架弹簧片发生自适应弹性变形,使得阻力特征面积能够自适应调整,起到稳定阻力大小的作用;弹簧片抗弯刚度越小,变形越大,在试验风速范围内,1.0 mm钢弹簧片稳定伞的自适应特性最优;与传统恒定阻力特征加油稳定伞相比,自适应变阻稳定伞的稳定性能更好,气动载荷动态测量结果波动更小;所获得的研究结果以及工程估算模型能为工程适用的自适应变阻稳定伞设计提供重要的数据支撑。

Based on the skeleton spring theory, a new design method for self-adaptive variable drag characteristic refueling drogue is proposed. In order to realize that the drag characteristic area changes adaptively with the change of flight speed, the drag value is basically constant in a certain speed range, so that the relative position of refueling drogue and tanker can be basically fixed. To verify the correctness of the design method and fully understand the influence of the Young’s modulus and thickness parameters of the spring on the aerodynamic characteristics of the drogue, the wind tunnel force test and deformation measurement technology are adopted to study the aerodynamic characteristics of four sets of self-adaptive variable drag spring drogues, then the extended application of data results is analyzed, and the engineering estimation model is extracted. The results show that:the adaptive variable drag characteristic drogue design method is reasonable, and the skeleton springs deform adaptively with the change of wind speed, so that the drag characteristic area can be adjusted adaptively and plays the role of stabilizing drag;in the range of test wind speed, the smaller the spring bending stiffness is, the larger the deformation is, and the adaptive characteristics of 1.0 mm steel spring drogue are the best;compared with the traditional constant drag characteristic drogue, the stability performance of the adaptive drogue is better, and the dynamic measurement results fluctuate less. The research results and engineering estimation model can provide an important data support for the design of an adaptive variable drag characteristic drogue which is suitable for real project.