论基本权利私人间效力的范式转型

On the Paradigm Transformation of the Inter-Private Effect of Fundamental Rights

范式理论对整体反思在我国最具影响力的三种基本权利私人间效力理论——间接效力论、国家保护义务论、国家行为论,具有方法论上的借鉴价值。用范式理论分析,三种理论同属国家中心范式基本权利私人间效力理论,存在理论形式和实质名实不符、手段和目的匹配不够、回应法律变迁不力的“反常”现象,面临挑战。从国家中心向社会中心转型,确立基本权利对社会权力的效力,是应对国家中心范式所面临挑战的有效路径。社会中心范式基本权利私人间效力,并非是基本权利对国家权力效力的简单套用,而是遵循“基本权利再具体化”原则,经对社会权力作严格限定,对基本权利的范围、效力强度、关系结构作相应调整后形成的制度体系。

The theory of paradigm has methodological reference value for the overall reflection on the three most influential theories of the inter-private effect of fundamental rights in China:indirect effect theory,state protection obligation theory and state action doctrine.According to the paradigm theory,all of the three theories belong to the state-centered paradigm of the inter-private effect of fundamental rights,which are faced with challenges because of the‘abnormal’phenomena,such as the discrepancy between theoretical form and substance,the insufficient match between means and purpose,and the ineffective response to legal changes.It is an effective way to cope with the challenges faced by the state-centered paradigm through the transformation from state-centered paradigm to society-centered paradigm and the establishment of the effect of fundamental rights on social power.The society-centered paradigm of the inter-private effect of fundamental rights is not a simple application of the effect of fundamental rights on state power,but an institutional system that follows the principle of‘re-concretization of fundamental rights’,with strict limitations on social power and corresponding adjustments to the scope,effect intensity and relation structure of fundamental rights.