中国比较宪法学的重新定位与方法论重构

Reorientation and Methodology Reconstruction of Comparative Constitutional Law in China

在强调法学本土化的背景下,比较宪法研究仍具有重要价值,但须进行重新定位和方法论迭代。研究定位方面,须适度改变以往的借鉴式研究,着重理解式研究,更新有关域外宪法的知识体系。方法论层面,应在功能主义路径上补足文化主义路径,将宪法制度放到不同文化语境中予以深描,不但求同,而且存异;在司法中心主义之上补足政体视角,关注宏观政制结构和决策机制;在专题研究中扩大国别案例范围,克服“留学国别主义”和“西方中心主义”倾向。由此,比较宪法学可以在深入比较中凸显中国宪法体系的独特性和普遍性,从而加强中国宪法学自主性建构,也可与国别和区域研究进行融合,增强比较研究在涉外法治斗争中的实务价值。

Against the backdrop of indigenizing Chinese law,the study of comparative constitutional law is still of great value,but it must reposition itself and update its methodology.It is necessary to change its attitude of reference to that of understanding and update the knowledge system of foreign constitutions.It should aim at a deep description of the constitutional system in different cultural contexts.It should transcend court-centered perspectives and pay attention to the macro-political structure and decision-making mechanism.It also needs to expand the scope of country and case selection,looking beyond the West.Reconstructed comparative constitutional law can facilitate the indigenization of China’s constitutional law.It can also be integrated with country and regional studies to enhance its practical value in international legal affairs.