基于失能程度差异的老年长期照护服务需求分析

Study on Long-term Care Service Needs of the Elderly Based on the Degree of Disability

基于2019年老年长期照护调查数据,实证分析了老年人基于失能程度差异的长期照护服务需求以及实际利用情况。调查结果显示,不同失能状况老年人的长期照护服务需求内容不同,社区轻度失能老年人对医疗相关服务、精神慰藉服务、康复指导类和低照护性服务项目需求较大。中度、重度和极重度失能老年人对社会服务类中的事务代办、就医或购物陪同,以及对生活照护类中的家政服务和医疗护理类中的医疗服务需求普遍较高。此外,中度和重度失能老年人对老年互助组织活动、健康教育与健康促进以及精神慰藉服务的需求也较高。从长期照护服务实际利用情况来看,精神慰藉服务利用率最高,但是仍存在多种照护服务需求未被满足的情况。应当通过充分利用社区资源,形成协同化、融合化的服务递送体系,满足老年人长期照护服务多样化需求。

Based on the survey data of urban communities in 2019,it empirically analyzes needs and utilization of long-term care service among the elderly based on the degree of disability.The results show that long-term care service needs of the elderly with disability conditions are different,and the lightly disabled elderly have a great demand for medical related services,spiritual comfort services,rehabilitation guidance and other care services.The elderly with moderate,severe and very severe disability generally has high demand for affairs agency,medical treatment or shopping escort in social services,domestic services and medical servic⁃es in medical care.In addition,the moderately and severely disabled elderly also have a higher demand for elderly mutual aid activi⁃ties,health education and health promotion and spiritual comfort services.From the results of utilization of long-term care services,the utilization of spiritual comfort services is the highest,but there are still a variety of unmet needs for care services.Policy efforts should focus on making full use of community resources to form a collaborative and integrated service delivery system to meet the di⁃versified needs of long-term care services for the elderly.