餐厨垃圾机器成肥产物的农林业应用潜力及二次污染物的评价

Agricultural and Forestry Application Potential of Food Waste Fertilizer Produced by Machine and the Evaluation of Secondary Pollutants

为了较全面地评估餐厨垃圾机器成肥产物的应用前景,通过对多台餐厨垃圾机器成肥设备运行状况的实地调研及产物性质的分析,从农、林业角度综合评判机器成肥产物的应用潜力。结果显示:餐厨垃圾机器成肥产物的基本理化性质(含水率、有机质、pH、营养元素及重金属)均符合NY/T 525—2021有机肥料和GB/T 33891—2017绿化用有机基质的要求。氯离子含量亦低于GB/T 15063—2020复合肥料的最高限值。杂草种子活性、粪大肠菌群及蛔虫卵死亡率完全满足NY/T 525—2021的无害化要求。较短的处理时间(≤24 h)可能是导致所有机器成肥产物腐熟度较低(以种子发芽指数与好氧呼吸指数衡量)的主要原因。几乎所有产物的机械杂物丰度均高于NY/T 525—2021和《生物质废物堆肥污染控制技术规范(征求意见稿)》的限值(≤0.5%),意味着还应提升餐厨垃圾的分类质量和杂物分选水平。机器成肥二次污染物以废水和臭气为主,其污染控制技术与管理的水平尚需提高。

In order to comprehensively evaluate the application prospect of mechanical compost of food waste,through the field investigation on the operation status of a number of kitchen waste machine compost equipment and analysis of the properties of the products,the application potential of machine compost products was evaluated comprehensively from the perspective of agriculture and forestry.The results showed that the basic physicochemical properties(moisture content,organic matter,pH,nutrient elements and heavy metals)of the mechanical compost products could meet the requirements of the NY/T 525—2021 Organic Fertilizer and GB/T 33891—2017 Organic Media for Greening.The content of chloride ion was also lower the maximum threshold of the GB/T 15063—2020 Compound Fertilizer.The weed seed activity,fecal coliform bacteria and roundworm egg mortality rate fully meet the harmless requirements of the NY/T 525—2021.Insufficient treatment time(≤24 h)was considered to be the main reason for the low maturity(measured by seed germination index and aerobic respiration index)of all mechanical composts products.The abundance of mechanical debris in almost all products was higher than the limit(≤0.5%)of the NY/T 525—2021 and the Technical Specification for Pollution Control on the Composting of Biowaste(Exposure Draft),which indicated that the separation quality and sorting level of the debris of kitchen waste required to be enhanced.The secondary pollutants from mechanical composting were mainly wastewater and odor,and the pollution control technology and management level also need to be improved.