短截修剪对‘遵化短刺’板栗新梢生长及果实品质的影响

Effects of Short Pruning on New Shoot Growth and Fruit Quality of Castanea mollissima’Zunhuaduanci’

【目的】通过修剪使板栗树体营养合理分配和利用,探究不同类型结果母枝适宜的短截强度,为提高板栗果实产量和品质提供依据。【方法】以25年生‘遵化短刺’板栗品种为材料,根据上年开花结果情况将一年生枝分为发育枝、结果枝和雄花枝,再分别进行甩放、轻短截和重短截处理,研究3类枝对不同短截强度的修剪反应。【结果】(1)3类枝重短截与轻短截处理相比除显著减少雄花序数和雄花枝数外,兼具减少雌花序数、结果枝数和果枝率的负效应,其中发育枝、结果枝和雄花枝重短截的结果枝数分别是甩放的33%、30%和46%。(2)在不同短截强度中,发育枝、结果枝和雄花枝轻短截的栗蓬数最多,依次为1.76个/母枝、1.78个/母枝和1.80个/母枝,且结果枝和发育枝轻短截处理显著高于重短截,栗蓬数在雄花枝各短截处理间无显著差异;3类枝重短截后空苞率均达到最高,为轻短截和甩放的2倍以上;(3)发育枝、结果枝和雄花枝这3类枝的果实K含量以轻短截处理最高,依次为8.70,7.48,8.41 mg/g,显著高于重短截和甩放处理,且轻短截处理能显著增加发育枝和雄花枝的果实N和可溶性蛋白质含量以及发育枝的果实可溶性糖含量,同时各类枝短截后果实P含量均显著高于甩放处理。【结论】从改善板栗雌雄花序比、增加结果枝数、提高板栗果实产量和品质3方面综合分析,发育枝、结果枝和雄花枝均以轻短截强度修剪为宜。

[Objective]This study aims to explore the appropriate cut-back strength for different fruiting mother branches,thus providing basis for improving the yield and quality of pruned chestnut fruit by reasonably distributing and utilizing the nutrition of chestnut trees.[Method]25-year-old Zunhuaduanci chestnut were used as test material to study the pruning response of the three kinds of branches to different cut-back intensity.According to the flowering and fruiting situation of the previous year,the 1-year-old branches were divided into developing branches,fruiting branches and male flowering branches.They were treated with no cut-back,light cut-back and heavy cut-back respectively.[Result](1)Comparing with light cut-back,heavy cut-back in three branch types significantly reduced the male flower branch number per mother branch and male flower number per new shoot.In addition,it had the effect of reducing the number of female flower and fruiting branches and the rate of fruit branches.After receiving heavy cut-back,the number of fruiting branches of developing branches,fruiting branches and male flowers branches accounted 33%,30%and 46%of that of light cut-back respectively.(2)Compared with other treatments,the developing branches,fruiting branches and male flower branches of the light cut-back had the maximum number of knots,which were 1.76 per mother branch,1.78 per mother branch and 1.80 per mother branch,and the fruiting branches and developing branches under the treatment of light cut-back were significantly higher than that under the heavy cut-back,however,there were no significant difference in terms of knot number of male flower branches under the three treatments.After three types of branches receiving heavy cut-back,the empty bud rate reached the highest,which was more than twice that of the other treatments.(3)After the three types of branch receiving light cut-back,the fruit K content,8.7 mg/g,7.48 mg/g and 8.41 mg/g respectively,was significantly higher than that of the other treatments.In addition,l,ight cut-back not only increased the fruit of N and soluble protein content in developing branches and male flowering branches,but also increased the fruit of soluble sugar content in developing branches.After receiving the cut-back treatment,the fruit of P content was significantly higher than that of no cut-back treatment.[Conclusion]Based on the comprehensive analysis of improving the ratio of male and female inflorescences and increasing the number of fruiting branches,yield and fruit quality,light cut-back was appropriate to prune the developing branches,fruiting branches and male flowering branches.